“…Volunteering is highlighted by the concept of productive aging which refers to activities attractive to older adults that may also benefit their social, physical, and emotional health and well-being (Dommaraju & Wong, 2021; Gonzales et al, 2015). Studies have indicated participation in productive aging activities can lead to reduced stress, depression, and loneliness (Cao et al, 2021; Cheng et al, 2022). Within the larger framework of role theory, older adults involved in productive roles, such as a volunteering in a telephone reassurance program, may experience role enhancement, increased resources, and expanded social ties (Moen et al, 1992).…”