Imprimi potest: Roman Catholic censoring of psychology and psychoanalysis in the early 20th century

Abstract

Because he was a Jesuit, Irish-born Edward Boyd Barrett (1883–1966) had to submit his writing to Jesuit censors, who were charged with making sure that nothing in the documents was contrary to Roman Catholic faith and morals. Drawing upon archival records, this article shows the complexities of the censorship process in the early 20th century. Boyd Barrett’s Motive Force and Motivation-Tracks (1911), an experimental study in will-psychology completed under Michotte, was threatened with withdrawal from circulation after an anonymous review (which was not published) accused the book of modernism. In the 1920s, articles on psychoanalysis directed at a wide Catholic readership, received severe criticism by Jesuit censors, and some were not published. The article presents the censors’ objections and Boyd Barrett’s defense. One effect of censorship was to make psychoanalysis, at least in some formulations, acceptable to a Catholic readership.

‘Straightening Crooked Souls’: Psychology and Children in Custody in 1950s and 1960s Ireland*

“…In the 1910s and 1920s, the Irish Jesuit priest, E. Boyd Barrett, published on psychology, including child and juvenile psychology. Boyd Barrett's work, especially his interest in psychoanalysis, brought him into conflict with his superiors at the Society of Jesus, although his work was not suppressed entirely (Kugelmann, 2014). In terms of psychiatric and psychological services, however, from the mid-1930s, a single, solitary, outpatient child psychiatric service operated at the Adelaide Hospital, Dublin, but this was, significantly, a service provided by a Protestant-run hospital (Eustace, 1941).…”