“…Plants may also employ PRR(s) to perceive extracellular DNA (eDNA), as eDNA induces PTI-like defenses and pathogen resistance (Wen et al, 2009;Heil, 2014, 2015;Mazzoleni et al, 2015;Gallucci and Maffei, 2017). Of note, substantial amounts of DNA are secreted from plant roots, and influence both plants and microbes in the soil (Ceccherini et al, 2009;Driouich et al, 2013). eDNA serves as a nutrient source (Paungfoo-Lonhienne et al, 2010), but also causes plant growth inhibition in a conspecific manner (Mazzoleni et al, 2015).…”