<i>In situ</i> growth of multilayered crystals in amorphous matrix: Thermal, dynamic mechanical, and morphological analysis of nylon‐6/epoxy composites

Vyas, Aniket; Iroh, Jude O.

doi:10.1002/app.39574

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Recently, our group reported a unique eco‐friendly and facile processing method to prepare nlon‐6/epoxy blends based on solution polymerization of nylon‐6 . A remarkable semi‐crystalline spherulitic morphology was achieved due to growth of crystals during curing of epoxy.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 45%

Clay induced thermoplastic crystals in thermoset matrix: Thermal, Dynamic mechanical, and morphological analysis of clay/nylon‐6‐epoxy nanocomposites

Vyas

Iroh

2015

Polymer Composites

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A novel procedure to synthesize in situ clay/nylon-6 composite suspension was explored via anionic solution polymerization. The suspension was efficiently blended with water-based epoxy resin using mechanical stirrer at room temperature. Hence, a 3-component coating system was obtained consisting of nano-clay, nylon-6 and epoxy resin. Large number of coatings and films were prepared with variation in clay and nylon-6 loading. Concentration of clay was found to have profound effect on crystallinity of nylon-6, thereby affecting the overall properties of clay/nylon/epoxy composite. All the films were characterized for thermal and dynamic mechanical behavior using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Lower amount of clay was found to increase the crystallinity of nylon-6 which in turn increased the plasticization of epoxy resin indicated by reduction in T g . A multiphase morphology with distinct amorphous and crystalline zones was observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A remarkable symmetrical morphology with branched dendritic crystal structure was observed for few of the clay/nylon/ epoxy system. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:2206-2217, 2016

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 45%

Clay induced thermoplastic crystals in thermoset matrix: Thermal, Dynamic mechanical, and morphological analysis of clay/nylon‐6‐epoxy nanocomposites

Vyas

Iroh

2015

Polymer Composites

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“…Materials 2020, 13,819 11 of 17 EP-PCL specimen fulfills the linearity and plasticity requirements, with a mean PMAX/PQ value equal to 1.10. The reported value of healing efficiency (see Table 3) is in accordance both with that obtained for EP-PCL(3D), and also with those reported in literature [38,66].…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Thermal Healing Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Materials 2020, 13,819 14 of 17 PCL are much lower to those of the epoxy, the healing efficiency of the prepared EP-PCL system is rather limited. Further efforts will be thus performed in the future to detect a thermoplastic healing agent with mechanical properties matching those of the epoxy.…”

Section: Microstructural Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties achievable in epoxy/thermoplastic blends make them suitable for different applications, such as matrices for composites, materials with self-healing and shape memory characteristics, and aerospace components with good strength and fracture toughness [11]. In the literature, it can be found that several thermoplastic polymers were used for blending epoxy resin, such as polycarbonate (PC), poly(caprolactone) (PCL), and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and different kinds of polyolefins [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. In the processing of these blends, the epoxy base, the curing agents and thermoplastic pellets or powders are usually mixed together.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Poly(Caprolactone)/Epoxy Blends by Additive Manufacturing

2020

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The aim of this work was the development of a thermoplastic/thermosetting combined system with a novel production technique. A poly(caprolactone) (PCL) structure has been designed and produced by fused filament fabrication, and impregnated with an epoxy matrix. The mechanical properties, fracture toughness, and thermal healing capacities of this blend (EP-PCL(3D)) were compared with those of a conventional melt mixed poly(caprolactone)/epoxy blend (EP-PCL). The fine dispersion of the PCL domains within the epoxy in the EP-PCL samples was responsible of a noticeable toughening effect, while in the EP-PCL(3D) structure the two phases showed an independent behavior, and fracture propagation in the epoxy was followed by the progressive yielding of the PCL domains. This peculiar behavior of EP-PCL(3D) system allowed the PCL phase to express its full potential as energy absorber under impact conditions. Optical microscope images on the fracture surfaces of the EP-PCL(3D) samples revealed that during fracture toughness tests the crack mainly propagated within the epoxy phase, while PCL contributed to energy absorption through plastic deformation. Due to the selected PCL concentration in the blends (35 vol %) and to the discrepancy between the mechanical properties of the constituents, the healing efficiency values of the two systems were rather limited.Materials 2020, 13, 819 2 of 17 processing and mixing steps are very important to obtain a good morphology and high mechanical properties. Epoxy/thermoplastic polymer blends can be produced through mechanical methods, by using batch or continuous mixers [27] or continuous polymerization reactors [28]. In the low-shear batch mixers, the thermosetting epoxy resin base is heated at high temperature to allow a better homogenization and dispersion with the thermoplastic powders, and then the curing agent is added. After degassing, the mixture can be either partially cured and then quenched or directly casted into molds for final curing. This type of mixing is not efficient for concentrations of the thermoplastic phase higher than about 30 wt %, because the viscosity of the system becomes too high to allow an efficient process. Epoxy/thermoplastic polymer blends can be also produced through non-mechanical methods, such as solvent casting, resonant acoustic mixers, and in-situ polymerization processes. Depending on the chemical nature of the constituents and on the processing route, different morphologies can be obtained for epoxy/thermoplastics blends. Homogeneous microstructures can be produced when the thermoplastic phase is soluble in the epoxy matrix and if this condition is maintained during the curing process. The homogeneity can be either due to low concentration of the thermoplastic component or due to the good affinity between the different phases. Examples of epoxy blends which remain homogeneous are those with polycarbonate and poly(ε-caprolactone) [29,30]. Heterogeneous microstructures can be obtained either with an initial immiscible mixture or starting with a homo...

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“…Consequently, several approaches have been tried to improve those characteristics . For instance, fracture toughness enhancement has typically been imparted through the incorporation of various thermoplastic polymers, but this can impact deleteriously on some of the key physical properties such as glass‐transition temperature, moisture resistance, and viscoelastic behaviour . Alternatively, the properties can be enhanced by use of the tailored epoxy (Ep) backbones (e.g., incorporating higher functionality or greater aromaticity), by using chemically modified curing agents, or using high‐performance co‐monomers such as cyanate esters and/or bismaleimides (BMIs) as additives .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of epoxy‐cyanate ester‐clay nanocomposites offering enhanced thermally stability

Венкатеш

Gouthaman

Kanemoto

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The preparation and characterization of blends of a series of dicyanate monomers such as 2,2 0 -bis(4-cyanatophenyl) propane (DCDPP), bis-4-cyanato-biphenyl (DCBP), bis-4-cyanatonaphthalene (DCN), 3,3 0 -bis(4-cyanatophenyl)sulphide (DCTDP), 3,3 0 -bis (4-cyanatophenyl)sulphone (DCDPS), and the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A are reported. These copolymers are combined with a montmorillionite nanoclay and both epoxy-cyanate blends and epoxy-cyanate blends-nanoclay composites are all analyzed for thermal stability, thermal degradation kinetics, flame retardancy, and impact strength. The nanocomposites are further characterized by X-ray diffraction and SEM to determine morphological features, from which structure-property relationships are determined. Dispersion of the nanoclay is of paramount importance, but its inclusion serves to improve char yield and impact strength, when this is achieved.

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In situ growth of multilayered crystals in amorphous matrix: Thermal, dynamic mechanical, and morphological analysis of nylon‐6/epoxy composites

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Clay induced thermoplastic crystals in thermoset matrix: Thermal, Dynamic mechanical, and morphological analysis of clay/nylon‐6‐epoxy nanocomposites

Clay induced thermoplastic crystals in thermoset matrix: Thermal, Dynamic mechanical, and morphological analysis of clay/nylon‐6‐epoxy nanocomposites

Novel Poly(Caprolactone)/Epoxy Blends by Additive Manufacturing

Development of epoxy‐cyanate ester‐clay nanocomposites offering enhanced thermally stability

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