<i>In-situ</i> observation of self-cleansing phenomena during ultra-high vacuum anneal of transition metal nitride thin films: Prospects for non-destructive photoelectron spectroscopy

Greczyński, Grzegorz; Hultman, Lars

doi:10.1063/1.4968803

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Such contacts remain within the Schottky–Mott limit, in which the electronic levels of the adsorbate are determined by the work function of the substrate . As a matter of fact, the process of AdC adsorption is also classified as physical, because the principal species (hydrocarbons) are not chemically reactive and can be readily desorbed by a gentle anneal in vacuum . In the present case, the potential interaction between AdC species and (TM)N film is further suppressed by the presence of a native oxide layer.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 83%

C 1s Peak of Adventitious Carbon Aligns to the Vacuum Level: Dire Consequences for Material's Bonding Assignment by Photoelectron Spectroscopy

2017

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The C 1s signal from ubiquitous carbon contamination on samples forming during air exposure, so called adventitious carbon (AdC) layers, is the most common binding energy (BE) reference in X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies. We demonstrate here, by using a series of transition‐metal nitride films with different AdC coverage, that the BE of the C 1s peak EnormalBF varies by as much as 1.44 eV. This is a factor of 10 more than the typical resolvable difference between two chemical states of the same element, which makes BE referencing against the C 1s peak highly unreliable. Surprisingly, we find that C 1s shifts correlate to changes in sample work function ϕnormalSnormalA , such that the sum EBnormalF+ϕSA is constant at 289.50±0.15 eV, irrespective of materials system and air exposure time, indicating vacuum level alignment. This discovery allows for significantly better accuracy of chemical state determination than offered by the conventional methods. Our findings are not specific to nitrides and likely apply to all systems in which charge transfer at the AdC/substrate interface is negligible.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 83%

C 1s Peak of Adventitious Carbon Aligns to the Vacuum Level: Dire Consequences for Material's Bonding Assignment by Photoelectron Spectroscopy

2017

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“…5b 34.75% of carbon. The presence of carbon is expected as a result of carbon accumulation on the surface upon air exposure [57,58]. Table S2 (supplementary data) lists the atomic percentages of all recorded elements in the deposited film with their valence and atomic radii.…”

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outstanding stability and photoelectrochemical catalytic performance of (Fe, Ni) co-doped Co3O4 photoelectrodes for solar hydrogen production

Abdelmoneim

Naji

Wagenaars

et al. 2021

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…Finally, we observe the Ti 2p XPS spectra at 82 s (position 4), as shown in Figure 1e. The peaks of Ti 2p 3/2 and Ti 2p 1/2 are respectively centered at about 454.9 eV and 461 eV for the TiN bottom electrode [33].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Rectifying Resistive Switching and Short-Term Memory Characteristics in Pt/HfO2/TaOx/TiN Artificial Synaptic Device

Ryu

Kim

2020

Nanomaterials

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Here, we propose a Pt/HfO2/TaOx/TiN artificial synaptic device that is an excellent candidate for artificial synapses. First, XPS analysis is conducted to provide the dielectric (HfO2/TaOx/TiN) information deposited by DC sputtering and atomic layer deposition (ALD). The self-rectifying resistive switching characteristics are achieved by the asymmetric device stack, which is an advantage of the current suppression in the crossbar array structure. The results show that the programmed data are lost over time and that the decay rate, which is verified from the retention test, can be adjusted by controlling the compliance current (CC). Based on these properties, we emulate bio-synaptic characteristics, such as short-term plasticity (STP), long-term plasticity (LTP), and paired-pulse facilitation (PPF), in the self-rectifying I–V characteristics of the Pt/HfO2/TaOx/TiN bilayer memristor device. The PPF characteristics are mimicked by replacing the bio-stimulation with the interval time of paired pulse inputs. The typical potentiation and depression are also implemented by optimizing the set and reset pulse. Finally, we demonstrate the natural depression by varying the interval time between pulse inputs.

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In-situ observation of self-cleansing phenomena during ultra-high vacuum anneal of transition metal nitride thin films: Prospects for non-destructive photoelectron spectroscopy

Cited by 31 publications

References 41 publications

C 1s Peak of Adventitious Carbon Aligns to the Vacuum Level: Dire Consequences for Material's Bonding Assignment by Photoelectron Spectroscopy

C 1s Peak of Adventitious Carbon Aligns to the Vacuum Level: Dire Consequences for Material's Bonding Assignment by Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Outstanding stability and photoelectrochemical catalytic performance of (Fe, Ni) co-doped Co3O4 photoelectrodes for solar hydrogen production

Self-Rectifying Resistive Switching and Short-Term Memory Characteristics in Pt/HfO2/TaOx/TiN Artificial Synaptic Device

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