In Situ Polymerization of Aniline Derivative in Vivo for NIR-II Phototheranostics of Tumor

Abstract

Natural biopolymers can be controllably in situ synthesized in organisms and play important roles in biological activities. Inspired by this, the manipulation of in situ biosynthesis of functional polymers in vivo will be an important way to obtain materials for meeting biological requirements. Herein, in situ biosynthesis of functional conjugated polymer at the tumor site was achieved via the utilization of specific tumor microenvironment (TME) characteristics for the first time. Specially, a water-soluble aniline dimer derivative (N-(3-sulfopropyl) p-aminodiphenylamine, SPA) was artfully in situ polymerized into polySPA (PSPA) nanoparticles at the tumor site, which was activated via the catalysis of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) overexpressed in TME to produce hydroxyl radical (•OH) by coinjected horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Benefiting from outstanding near-infrared (NIR)-II absorption of PSPA, the in situ polymerization process can be validly monitored by photoacoustic (PA) signal at the NIR-II region. Meanwhile, in situ polymerization would induce the size of polymeric materials from small to large, improving the distribution and retention of PSPA at the tumor site. On the combination of NIR-II absorption of PSPA and the size variation induced by polymerization, such polymerization can be applied for tumor-specific NIR-II light mediated PA image and photothermal inhibition of tumors, enhancing the precision and efficacy of tumor phototheranostics. Therefore, the present work opens the way to manipulate TME-activated in situ biosynthesis of functional conjugated polymer at the tumor site for overcoming formidable challenges in tumor theranostics.

Magnetic and injectable Fe-doped liquid metals for controlled movement and photothermal/electromagnetic therapy

“…Due to the optical absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region, LM can transform energy into heat under NIR laser irradiation, 31,32 which is conducive to improving the efficacy and precision of tumor diagnosis and treatment. [33][34][35] To evaluate the photothermal effect of 5%Fe/LM, it was exposed to an NIR laser (808 nm, 1.0 W cm À2 ). As shown in Fig.…”

Innovative Biomaterials for Bone Tumor Treatment and Regeneration: Tackling Postoperative Challenges and Charting the Path Forward

“…Extensive studies have been carried out so far on various organic nanomaterials for the treatment of bone tumors and the regeneration of bones, such as organic polypyrrole, indocyanine green, and aniline dimer. [ 149 ] Organic nanoparticles are often encapsulated in hydrogel because of its abundant water content, which creates a favorable setting for organic development.…”