<i>In situ</i>solid-state nanopore fabrication

Fried, Jasper P.; Swett, Jacob L.; Nadappuram, Binoy Paulose; Mol, Jan A.; Edel, Joshua B.; Ivanov, Aleksandar P.; Yates, James R.

doi:10.1039/d0cs00924e

Cited by 89 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 191 publications

(292 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…To overcome these issues, a technique called controlled breakdown (CBD) has been developed to fabricate nanopores in solid‐state membranes. [ 29–31 ] In this method, an electric field of ≈0.4–1 V nm −1 is applied across the membrane via the electrolyte solutions whilst simultaneously measuring the resulting current. After a given period, a spike in the current is observed signifying pore formation at which point the voltage is quickly reduced to ensure the fabrication of a small nanopore.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[25][26][27][28] However, this requires specialized equipment, trained operators, and is a labor intensive process thus limiting the availability of this technique to the wider research community.To overcome these issues, a technique called controlled breakdown (CBD) has been developed to fabricate nanopores in solid-state membranes. [29][30][31] In this method, an electric Controlled breakdown has recently emerged as a highly appealing technique to fabricate solid-state nanopores for a wide range of biosensing applications. This technique relies on applying an electric field of approximately 0.4-1 V nm −1 across the membrane to induce a current, and eventually, breakdown of the dielectric.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Understanding Electrical Conduction and Nanopore Formation During Controlled Breakdown

Fried

Swett

Nadappuram

et al. 2021

Small

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ionic current therefore provides a simple single-molecule biosensing technique. [1][2][3][4] Indeed, over the past several decades, nanopores have proven to be versatile single-molecule sensing devices with applications ranging from DNA [5,6] and protein sequencing, [7,8] to ultra-dilute analyte detection, [9][10][11][12] polymer data storage, [13,14] and enzymology. [15] Nanopore sensors can be classified as either biological [16] or solid-state. [17] Biological nanopores generally consist of barrel shaped proteins that self-insert into lipid or synthetic membranes. Solid-state nanopores, however, are typically formed in thin (<50 nm) dielectrics such as SiN x , [18] TiO 2 , [19] and HfO 2 [20] or 2D materials such as graphene, [21][22][23] MoS 2 , [6] and hBN. [24] The ability to fabricate solid-state nanopores of different diameters and operate them in a wide range of environmental conditions makes them particularly attractive for many of the applications discussed above. [1,17] In the past, solid-state nanopores were typically fabricated using focused charged particle beams to locally sputter material from the membrane. [25][26][27][28] However, this requires specialized equipment, trained operators, and is a labor intensive process thus limiting the availability of this technique to the wider research community.To overcome these issues, a technique called controlled breakdown (CBD) has been developed to fabricate nanopores in solid-state membranes. [29][30][31] In this method, an electric Controlled breakdown has recently emerged as a highly appealing technique to fabricate solid-state nanopores for a wide range of biosensing applications. This technique relies on applying an electric field of approximately 0.4-1 V nm −1 across the membrane to induce a current, and eventually, breakdown of the dielectric. Although previous studies have performed controlled breakdown under a range of different conditions, the mechanism of conduction and breakdown has not been fully explored. Here, electrical conduction and nanopore formation in SiN x membranes during controlled breakdown is studied. It is demonstrated that for Si-rich SiN x , oxidation reactions that occur at the membrane-electrolyte interface limit conduction across the dielectric. However, for stoichiometric Si 3 N 4 the effect of oxidation reactions becomes relatively small and conduction is predominately limited by charge transport across the dielectric. Several important implications resulting from understanding this process are provided which will aid in further developing controlled breakdown in the coming years, particularly for extending this technique to integrate nanopores with on-chip nanostructures.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Electrical Conduction and Nanopore Formation During Controlled Breakdown

Fried

Swett

Nadappuram

et al. 2021

Small

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Solid-state nanopore can be fabricated using different methods, such as controlled breakdown, electrochemical reactions, laser etching and laser-assisted controlled breakdown [25]. It breaks the limit of natural occurring nanopores and has many advantages, such as very high chemical stability, control of diameter and channel length, adjustable surface properties, and the potential for integration into devices and arrays [26,27].…”

Section: Solid-state Nanoporementioning

confidence: 99%

Nanopore Technology and Its Applications in Gene Sequencing

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In recent years, nanopore technology has become increasingly important in the field of life science and biomedical research. By embedding a nano-scale hole in a thin membrane and measuring the electrochemical signal, nanopore technology can be used to investigate the nucleic acids and other biomacromolecules. One of the most successful applications of nanopore technology, the Oxford Nanopore Technology, marks the beginning of the fourth generation of gene sequencing technology. In this review, the operational principle and the technology for signal processing of the nanopore gene sequencing are documented. Moreover, this review focuses on the applications using nanopore gene sequencing technology, including the diagnosis of cancer, detection of viruses and other microbes, and the assembly of genomes. These applications show that nanopore technology is promising in the field of biological and biomedical sensing.

show abstract

“…Table 4 summarizes the methods based on the materials used to design the solid-state nanopores. An up-to-date review of in-situ fabrication methods of nanopores can be found in ref [ 105 ].…”

Section: Nanopore Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanopore sensors for viral particle quantification: current progress and future prospects

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rapid, inexpensive, and laboratory-free diagnostic of viral pathogens is highly critical in controlling viral pandemics. In recent years, nanopore-based sensors have been employed to detect, identify, and classify virus particles. By tracing ionic current containing target molecules across nano-scale pores, nanopore sensors can recognize the target molecules at the single-molecule level. In the case of viruses, they enable discrimination of individual viruses and obtaining important information on the physical and chemical properties of viral particles. Despite classical benchtop virus detection methods, such as amplification techniques (e.g., PCR) or immunological assays (e.g., ELISA), that are mainly laboratory-based, expensive and time-consuming, nanopore-based sensing methods can enable low-cost and real-time point-of-care (PoC) and point-of-need (PoN) monitoring of target viruses. This review discusses the limitations of classical virus detection methods in PoN virus monitoring and then provides a comprehensive overview of nanopore sensing technology and its emerging applications in quantifying virus particles and classifying virus sub-types. Afterward, it discusses the recent progress in the field of nanopore sensing, including integrating nanopore sensors with microfabrication technology, microfluidics and artificial intelligence, which have been demonstrated to be promising in developing the next generation of low-cost and portable biosensors for the sensitive recognition of viruses and emerging pathogens.

show abstract

In situsolid-state nanopore fabrication

Abstract: This review summarises the development of in situ solid-state nanopore fabrication techniques. These techniques are democratising solid-state nanopore research by providing rapid and accessible methods to fabricate nanopores.

Cited by 89 publications

References 191 publications

Understanding Electrical Conduction and Nanopore Formation During Controlled Breakdown

Understanding Electrical Conduction and Nanopore Formation During Controlled Breakdown

Nanopore Technology and Its Applications in Gene Sequencing

Nanopore sensors for viral particle quantification: current progress and future prospects

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About