A large percentage of the extreme applications that materials are exposed to comprise of complex and overlapping stressors. Fundamental mechanisms that govern a materials response to complex extreme environments are often unknown and currently too intertwined to be accurately tested at the atomic-scale. These processes occur at material surfaces, defects sites, grain boundaries, and within site-specific interfaces, where the combination of sample control in atmospheric chemistry, temperature, pressure, radiation conditions, mechanical force, electrical, and magnetic force are needed to produce an operando test. Additionally, current methods in x-ray, optical, infrared, scanning probe, and electron microscopy cannot make full use of combined collection of data signals to enable the event recognition in terms of composition, structure, and reaction on one single sample with known microstructure or composition.