<i>In situ</i> X-ray diffraction study on the formation of α-Sn in nanocrystalline Sn-based electrodes for lithium-ion batteries

Oehl, Nikolas; Schmuelling, Guido; Knipper, Martin; Kloepsch, Richard; Placke, Tobias; Kolny‐Olesiak, Joanna; Plaggenborg, Thorsten; Winter, Martin; Parisi, J.

doi:10.1039/c5ce01841b

Cited by 47 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Based on the energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) results in Figure S2b1–3 in the Supporting Information (also the point analysis in Figure S2d, Supporting Information), it can be conjectured that the bright “head” parts of the Jellyfish‐like precipitates (marked with red B) are Sn, while the dark “tail” parts (marked with green D) are Sn‐poor (Sb‐rich) region of the matrix. As confirmed by the diffraction analysis from the fast Fourier transform (FFT) image of this region (the inset), the crystal structure of this NP matches well that of the β‐Sn phase (space group I41/amd), consistent with the EDS results . The atomically resolved STEM HAADF image of the head of the Jellyfish‐like precipitate in Figure S2c in the Supporting Information presents clearly the sharp interfaces between Sn NP and the matrix.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Multiscale Defects as Strong Phonon Scatters to Enhance Thermoelectric Performance in Mg₂Sn_1–_xSb_x Solid Solutions

Xin

Zhang

et al. 2019

Small Methods

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Mg2Sn based solid solutions have attracted much research interest due to their high thermoelectric (TE) performance in the mid‐temperature region and abundant constituent elements. Further enhancement of the figure of merit zT lies in the effective reduction of the relatively high lattice thermal conductivity. It has been demonstrated that alloying high content of aliovalent Sb (>10%) in Mg2Si analogue can induce Mg vacancies and dense dislocations to greatly suppress the lattice thermal conductivity. In this work, the strategy is extended to the Sb alloyed Mg2Sn to enhance zT. Detailed microstructure investigations reveal the existence of high density of interstitial clusters. By introducing these nanostructures as the additional phonon scattering sources, the theoretical calculation well match the low experimental lattice thermal conductivity. Superior to the Sb alloyed Mg2Si, relatively high power factor is maintained in the Sb alloyed Mg2Sn and the maximum zT of 0.9 at 750 K is obtained. With simpler chemical composition though, the Mg2Sn1–xSbx (x > 0.1) has comparable TE performance with the Sb alloyed Mg2Si0.4Sn0.6 solid solutions, exhibiting promising potential for practical applications. The present work offers a comprehensive understanding of the effect of aliovalent alloying and concomitant complex microstructure in reducing thermal conductivity and enhancing zT.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Multiscale Defects as Strong Phonon Scatters to Enhance Thermoelectric Performance in Mg₂Sn_1–_xSb_x Solid Solutions

Xin

Zhang

et al. 2019

Small Methods

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“…Among the materials under our consideration, tin is probably the most extensively studied anode material in lithium cells because it is not only a common metal well known in various applications but also a material with a high gravimetric capacity. The Li 22 Sn 5 phase has been identified as the final alloy phase in the reaction process . The formation of this final phase implies a theoretical capacity of 990 mA h g −1 that can be established by calculating the number of electrons required to complete the transformation in the alloying process for a gram of tin.…”

Section: Reaction Mechanisms Of Alloying Materials In Potassium Cellsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Potassium‐Ion Battery Anode Materials Operating through the Alloying–Dealloying Reaction Mechanism

Sultana

Rahman

Chen

et al. 2017

Adv Funct Materials

334

210

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Anode materials that operate via the alloying–dealloying reaction mechanism are well known in established and maturing battery systems such as lithium‐ion and sodium‐ion batteries. Recently, a new type of metal‐ion battery that utilizes K+ ions in its operating principle has attracted significant attention due to a possibility of building high voltage cells using an abundant potassium ionic shuttle. Establishing promising electrode materials is of paramount importance for this new type of battery. This feature article summarizes available early results on the alloying–dealloying anode materials in potassium electrochemical cells. Based on original research (some data are presented for the first time) and independently published literature, experimental results on silicon, tin, phosphorus, antimony, and lead‐containing anodes are critically discussed. The electrochemical properties, charge storage mechanisms, and achievable capacities are considered. The results are compared with the behaviors of the same materials in lithium and sodium cells, and the importance of the volumetric parameters of electrodes is emphasized. Finally, a number of further research directions in these interesting anode materials are suggested. The feature article provides a useful reference for the growing number of researchers and specialists working in the field of emerging metal‐ion batteries with non‐lithium chemistries.

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“…The lattice parameters were calculated to be a = b ~4.735 Å and c ~ 3.177 Å, similar to the values reported in previous studies on pure SnO 2 . 39 Absence of metallic Sn peak at ~31° (111) suggest complete oxidation of all samples; 40 whereas no peaks corresponding to any phase of Al 2 O 3 was observed, thereby indicating that Al 2 O 3 is amorphous due to low calcination temperature (550°C). 4 Detailed analysis on the XRD of these samples ( Figure 2 and Table S1) showed a small shift in the diffraction peak (0.04°) to higher angles with peak broadening for Al(5%) and Al(10%), suggesting straining of the unit cell due to Al ions occupancy within the crystal.…”

Section: Sample and Device Characterizationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocurrents in crystal‐amorphous hybrid stannous oxide/alumina binary nanofibers

et al. 2019

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Suppression of charge recombination by thin amorphous alumina layers on metal oxide semiconductors has demonstrated a vital role in electronic appliances beside its role as an insulator. This study reports effect of amorphous alumina (Al2O3) on the structural, electrical, and optical properties of stannous oxide (SnO2). The samples for the present study are prepared as nanofibers by electrospinning a polymeric solution containing aluminum and stannous precursors and subsequent annealing; six samples with varying concentrations of aluminum and stannous are considered. A crystal‐amorphous SnO2/Al2O3 hybrid system was confirmed by both XRD and XPS analysis. Both BET and Mott‐Schottky analysis showed increase in the surface area and conduction band minimum of the sample with increase in the Al content, however, at the expense of its electrical conductivity. The electron lifetime of the sample increased with increase in the Al content, but the electron transport time increase with decrease in the electrical conductivity of the sample. Both Urbach energy measurement and Stoke's shift showed generation of deeper trap state with increase in the Al content. Investigation on sample photovoltaic performance showed that the loss in electrical conductivity of the sample can be compensated by the improved surface area to a certain extent. Interestingly, a composite nanofiber containing equal molar fraction of aluminum and stannous showed orders of magnitude higher photocurrent despite its similar resistivity as that of pure alumina fibers, which is shown to originate from a Fermi energy gradient at the Al2O3/SnO2 interface.

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In situ X-ray diffraction study on the formation of α-Sn in nanocrystalline Sn-based electrodes for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract: In situ X-ray diffraction was performed to study the formation of the α-Sn structure in nanocrystalline Sn-based electrodes.

Cited by 47 publications

References 20 publications

Multiscale Defects as Strong Phonon Scatters to Enhance Thermoelectric Performance in Mg₂Sn_1–_xSb_x Solid Solutions

Multiscale Defects as Strong Phonon Scatters to Enhance Thermoelectric Performance in Mg₂Sn_1–_xSb_x Solid Solutions

Potassium‐Ion Battery Anode Materials Operating through the Alloying–Dealloying Reaction Mechanism

Photocurrents in crystal‐amorphous hybrid stannous oxide/alumina binary nanofibers

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In situ X-ray diffraction study on the formation of α-Sn in nanocrystalline Sn-based electrodes for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract: In situ X-ray diffraction was performed to study the formation of the α-Sn structure in nanocrystalline Sn-based electrodes.

Cited by 47 publications

References 20 publications

Multiscale Defects as Strong Phonon Scatters to Enhance Thermoelectric Performance in Mg2Sn1–xSbx Solid Solutions

Multiscale Defects as Strong Phonon Scatters to Enhance Thermoelectric Performance in Mg2Sn1–xSbx Solid Solutions

Potassium‐Ion Battery Anode Materials Operating through the Alloying–Dealloying Reaction Mechanism

Photocurrents in crystal‐amorphous hybrid stannous oxide/alumina binary nanofibers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Multiscale Defects as Strong Phonon Scatters to Enhance Thermoelectric Performance in Mg₂Sn_1–_xSb_x Solid Solutions

Multiscale Defects as Strong Phonon Scatters to Enhance Thermoelectric Performance in Mg₂Sn_1–_xSb_x Solid Solutions