<i>In situ</i> XAS study of the local structure and oxidation state evolution of palladium in a reduced graphene oxide supported Pd(<scp>ii</scp>) carbene complex during an undirected C–H acetoxylation reaction

Yuan, Ning; Majeed, Maitham H.; Bajnóczi, Éva G.; Persson, Axel R.; Wallenberg, L. Reine; Inge, A. Ken; Heidenreich, Niclas; Stock, Norbert; Zou, Xiaodong; Wendt, Ola F.; Persson, Ingmar

doi:10.1039/c8cy02430h

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The scope of this reaction is broad and leads to a variety of monofunctionalized heterocycles in good to excellent yields. Several related systems for C(sp 2 )–H acetoxylation have been developed. − …”

Section: Palladium–nhc Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes in C–H Activation Reactions

et al. 2020

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In this contribution, we provide a comprehensive overview of C−H activation methods promoted by NHC−transition metal complexes, covering the literature since 2002 (the year of the first report on metal−NHC-catalyzed C−H activation) through June 2019, focusing on both NHC ligands and C−H activation methods. This review covers C−H activation reactions catalyzed by group 8 to 11 NHC−metal complexes. Through discussing the role of NHC ligands in promoting challenging C−H activation methods, the reader is provided with an overview of this important area and its crucial role in forging carbon−carbon and carbon−heteroatom bonds by directly engaging ubiquitous C−H bonds.

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Section: Palladium–nhc Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes in C–H Activation Reactions

et al. 2020

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“…For comparison, the spectra of Ni(OAc) 2 ⋅ 4H 2 O (Ni 2+ ) was also acquired. The white line intensity of complex 1 is lower than Ni(OAc) 2 ⋅ 4H 2 O, which indicates that the oxidation state of the Ni ion of complex 1 is lower than that of Ni 2+ , Figure 4 [20–21] …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Novel Organometallic Coordination Polymer as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for C−C Bond Formation

Yang

Lee

et al. 2022

Eur J Inorg Chem

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“…Many gas–solid heterogeneous catalytic systems have been studied by in situ XAS, providing valuable insights into their reaction mechanisms. − However, traditionally, it has been difficult to obtain in situ XAS data for catalytic systems in suspension or solution due to the challenges associated with the reactor design and the relatively strong interferences of the reaction mixture on X-rays. Fortunately, thanks to recent progress in the field, several successful studies have been reported where the nature of the catalytic species has been elucidated through in situ XAS. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Deactivation and Reactivation Mechanism of a Heterogeneous Palladium(II) Catalyst in the Cycloisomerization of Acetylenic Acids by In Situ XAS 

et al. 2021

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A well-studied heterogeneous palladium(II) catalyst used for the cycloisomerization of acetylenic acids is known to be susceptible to deactivation through reduction. To gain a deeper understanding of this deactivation process and to enable the design of a reactivation strategy, in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used. With this technique, changes in the palladium oxidation state and coordination environment could be studied in close detail, which provided experimental evidence that the deactivation was primarily caused by triethylamine-promoted reduction of palladium(II) to metallic palladium nanoparticles. Furthermore, it was observed that the choice of the acetylenic acid substrate influenced the distribution between palladium(II) and palladium(0) species in the heterogeneous catalyst after the reaction. From the mechanistic insight gained through XAS, an improved catalytic protocol was developed that did not suffer from deactivation and allowed for more efficient recycling of the catalyst.

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In situ XAS study of the local structure and oxidation state evolution of palladium in a reduced graphene oxide supported Pd(ii) carbene complex during an undirected C–H acetoxylation reaction

Abstract: In situ XAS is used to reveal the evolution of palladium species during an undirected C–H acetoxylation reaction.

Cited by 22 publications

References 40 publications

N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes in C–H Activation Reactions

N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes in C–H Activation Reactions

A Novel Organometallic Coordination Polymer as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for C−C Bond Formation

Investigation of the Deactivation and Reactivation Mechanism of a Heterogeneous Palladium(II) Catalyst in the Cycloisomerization of Acetylenic Acids by In Situ XAS

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