<i>In utero</i> teratogen exposure and cardiometabolic risk in 5-year-old children: a prospective pediatric study

Smidt, Juléy Janice Abigail De; Odendaal, Hein J.; Nel, Daniel G.; Nolan, H.; Brink, Lucy; Oelofse, André

doi:10.1080/14767058.2019.1692337

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The SPS was conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki (Declaration of Helsinki. Bull World Health Organ, 2001) ( 4 ). Voluntary written informed consent was obtained from the mother or caregiver of the child.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maternal age and environmental exposures during pregnancy are known to affect the developing child and have been extensively studied ( 1 , 2 ). In utero exposures to teratogens, drugs, alcohol, cigarettes, and maternal diet, particularly folic acid, can severely affect early human embryonic development, showing that this phase is sensitive to perturbation ( 1 , 3 – 6 ). However, the preconception time period, specifically the ∼6-mo interval of oocyte maturation, is also a unique window when maternal characteristics and behavior could impact oogenesis and therefore health outcomes in children.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Oocyte age and preconceptual alcohol use are highly correlated with epigenetic imprinting of a noncoding RNA ( nc886 )

Carpenter

Remba

Thomas

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Genomic imprinting occurs before fertilization, impacts every cell of the developing child, and may be sensitive to environmental perturbations. The noncoding RNA, nc886 (also called VTRNA2-1) is the only known example of the ∼100 human genes imprinted by DNA methylation, that shows polymorphic imprinting in the population. The nc886 gene is part of an ∼1.6-kb differentially methylated region (DMR) that is methylated in the oocyte and silenced on the maternal allele in about 75% of humans worldwide. Here, we show that the presence or absence of imprinting at the nc886 DMR in an individual is consistent across different tissues, confirming that the imprint is established before cellular differentiation and is maintained into adulthood. We investigated the relationships between the frequency of imprinting in newborns and maternal age, alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking before conception in more than 1,100 mother/child pairs from South Africa. The probability of imprinting in newborns was increased in older mothers and decreased in mothers who drank alcohol before conception. On the other hand, cigarette smoking had no apparent relationship with the frequency of imprinting. These data show an epigenetic change during oocyte maturation which is potentially subject to environmental influence. Much focus has been placed on avoiding alcohol consumption during pregnancy, but our data suggest that drinking before conception may affect the epigenome of the newborn.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oocyte age and preconceptual alcohol use are highly correlated with epigenetic imprinting of a noncoding RNA ( nc886 )

Carpenter

Remba

Thomas

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Homocysteine tertiles and BP categories indicates that those in the highest and lowest homocysteine tertiles had a higher risk HTN than those in the middle tertile Birth weight / maternal Kaze et al [ 49 ] Cameroon 80 5–10 26.2% had a low birth weight (< 2500 g) (self-reported) 9.5% of those with low birth weight had HTN Redjala et al [ 50 ] Algeria 3562 6–18 22.7% with birthweight < 1500 g had HTN (self-reported) Pre-HTN and HTN associated with gestational age > 36 weeks, early birth, reduced birth weight, and shorter duration of breastfeeding Boerstra et al [ 51 ] South Africa 189 3–6 50% of offspring were born to mothers with HFDP. HFDP-exposed children had a higher rate of preterm birth (< 37 weeks), a higher mean birthweight z-scores and more likely to be born large for gestational age Maternal hyperglycaemia was not associated with offspring BP (adjusted for offspring age, height and sex) Syoum et al [ 52 ] Ethiopia 252 Newborn Mothers with HTN—20.7% babies had low birth weight, 20.7% were preterm, 10.2% had ICU admissions Teenage pregnancies were a predictor of maternal complication De Smidt et al [ 53 ] South Africa Controls: 146; cases: 352 5 Children exposed to maternal smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy In utero exposure to alcohol and nicotine was significantly associated with right cIMT measurements. The odds of having a higher than 0.365 mm right cIMT was 1.78 times greater for an exposed child compared to controls Interventions Author Country n Age range (years) Intervention Effectiveness of intervention ...…”

Section: Childhood Hypertension In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early life exposure to unhealthy environmental factors and maternal risk factors [ 49 – 53 ] are linked to an increased risk for elevated BP in children in various African settings. These factors, discussed in the next few paragraphs include among others, hypertension, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, hyperglycaemia, smoking, alcohol use, overweight/obesity, physical inactivity, and low socioeconomic status [ 49 – 53 ].…”

Section: Childhood Hypertension In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting and Managing Childhood Onset Hypertension in Africa: A Call to Action

et al. 2023

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Purpose of Review To review recent evidence on childhood hypertension across Africa, identifying knowledge gaps, challenges and priorities, and highlight clinical perspectives in managing primary hypertension. Recent Findings Only 15 of the 54 African countries reported on absolute blood pressure (BP) measures, elevated BP, pre- and/or hypertension. The reported hypertension prevalence ranged between 0.0 and 38.9%, while elevated BP and/or pre-hypertnesion ranged from 2.7 to 50.5%. Childhood BP nomograms are lacking across Africa and the rates of hypertension were based on guidelines developed in countries with the lowest to no number of children from African ancestry. The recent studies across Africa also showed little to no detail when reporting BP specific methodology. No recent data informing the use or effectiveness of antihypertensive agents in children and adolesents are available. Summary Childhood hypertension is on the rise, while data from Africa remains vastly under-represented. Collaborative research, resources, and policies need to be strengthened in addressing the growing public health concern of childhood onset hypertension on this continent.

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“…Moreover, Koklu et al 26 reported a significantly higher aortic intima-media thickness in infants that were born small for gestational age, compared with infants born appropriate for their gestational age, that was also associated with hypertriglyceridaemia 26. Low birth weight, as well as small for gestational age was associated with higher carotid intima-media thickness values in children and linked to metabolic abnormalities, such as dyslipidaemia, abdominal obesity, hypertension and development of insulin resistance later in life 24 27 28. Thus, overweight children or children with obesity who were born with low birth weight are more likely to present with cardiometabolic risk factors, such as elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressures, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol blood concentrations 29.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of maternal cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy on birth weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in infants, children and adolescents: a systematic review protocol

et al. 2022

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IntroductionTobacco smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy are particularly prevalent in low socioeconomic status populations, with an adverse association with birth outcomes and cardiometabolic risk factors. However, the direct and indirect effects of prenatal cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy on cardiometabolic risk in offspring have been rather inconsistent. This may be attributed to multiple factors, such as the amount and timing of exposure to tobacco smoking and alcohol during pregnancy; the influence of maternal, environmental and socioeconomic factors; or how risk factors were defined by individual researchers and studies. Therefore, this review aims to provide a summary of the most recent evidence on birth outcomes and cardiometabolic risk in children associated with alcohol and/or tobacco exposure in utero.Methods and analysisPubMed, Scopus and Web of Science will be searched to identify published articles from 1 January 2001. Clinical studies that investigate the association between maternal cigarette smoking or alcohol consumption and birth weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in infants, children and adolescents will be included. Prospective cohort, case-control studies and birth cohort studies will be eligible for inclusion. Grey literature will be searched including conference proceedings, Google Scholar and the ProQuest Dissertation and Theses database. Only studies published in English will be included, with no restrictions regarding country, race or gender. Two independent reviewers will conduct the literature search and article screening. Eligibility criteria will be based on the population (infants, children, adolescents), exposure (maternal cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption or both), comparator (control group with no exposure during pregnancy) and outcomes (birth weight and cardiometabolic risk factors). Quality assessment and risk of bias will be assessed using a risk of bias tool for observational studies, and data will be extracted for analysis using a researcher-generated data extraction form. A meta-analysis will be performed to estimate pooled effect sizes if there are sufficient good-quality studies available. Sources of heterogeneity will be explored using subgroup analysis.Ethics and disseminationEthical clearance will not be required as this review will extract publicly available secondary data. Findings from this review will be disseminated via publication in a peer-review journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021286630.

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In utero teratogen exposure and cardiometabolic risk in 5-year-old children: a prospective pediatric study

Cited by 8 publications

References 40 publications

Oocyte age and preconceptual alcohol use are highly correlated with epigenetic imprinting of a noncoding RNA ( nc886 )

Oocyte age and preconceptual alcohol use are highly correlated with epigenetic imprinting of a noncoding RNA ( nc886 )

Detecting and Managing Childhood Onset Hypertension in Africa: A Call to Action

Effect of maternal cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy on birth weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in infants, children and adolescents: a systematic review protocol

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