<i>In Vitro</i> ACE2 and 5-LOX Enzyme Inhibition by Menthol and Three Different Mint  Essential Oils

Demirci, Fatih; Karadağ, Ayşe Esra; Biltekin, Sevde Nur; Demırcı, Betül

doi:10.1177/1934578x211055014

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…chamomilla essential oil showed 94.6% inhibition. In a previous study, another M. spicata essential oil sample was evaluated by our group for the LOX enzyme inhibition, where the results were comparable to the present study.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Evaluation of Mentha spicata L. and Matricaria chamomilla L. Essential Oils

et al. 2023

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Spearmint, Mentha spicata L., and the German chamomile, Matricaria chamomilla L., preparations are used against inflammatory conditions traditionally and in modern medicinal applications. This present study aimed to evaluate pharma-grade essential oils for their in vitro anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects using COX-1, COX-2, and 5-LOX enzyme assays, as well as their apoptosis potential through the caspase pathway. In addition, the (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay was applied to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic effects using HEK293/A549, MCF7, and PC3 cell lines. Major components of M. spicata essential oil were confirmed both by gas chromatography (GC)-flame ionization detector (FID) and GC/mass spectrometry (MS) as 72.8% carvone, 12.6% limonene, 2.2% 1,8-cineole, 1.3% myrcene, and 1% trans-dihydrocarvone. The major components of M. chamomilla essential oil were also confirmed as 47.9% α-bisabolol oxide A, 16.8% α-bisabolol, 13.8%, (Z)-β-farnesene, 5.8% α-bisabolol oxide, and 4.7% α-bisabolene oxide A. The IC50 values for M. chamomilla essential oil on A549, MCF7, PC3, and HEK293 cells were calculated as 208.54 ± 1.39, 315.44 ± 1.17, 197.52 ± 0.98, and 638.79 ± 1.15 μg/mL, respectively, whereas the IC50 values for M. spicata essential oil on A549, MCF7, and PC3 cells were 672.13 ± 2.57, 708.27 ± 2.05, and 206.49 ± 1.48 μg/mL, respectively. For M. spicata essential oil, no cytotoxic effects on healthy HEK293 cells were observed at the tested concentrations. The essential oils increased the apoptotic activity, where all results were statistically significant. According to the anti-inflammatory evaluation, both M. chamomilla and M. spicata oils showed selective COX-2 inhibitions, where the SI values were calculated as 0.30 and 0.67, respectively. Overall, both M. spicata and M. chamomilla essential oils showed selective inhibition on the COX-2 enzyme and apoptosis against the selected cancer cell lines for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, with this specific dual mode of action. The initial results encourage further detailed in vivo experimental evaluations.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Evaluation of Mentha spicata L. and Matricaria chamomilla L. Essential Oils

et al. 2023

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“…Relative percentages (%) of the volatiles were calculated using the FID chromatograms. This process was performed by GC/MS Library, MassFinder 3 Library, and in-house “Baser Library of Essential Oil Constituents” by analyzing either authentic samples or the relative retention index (RRI) of n -alkanes. , …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This process was performed by GC/ MS Library, MassFinder 3 Library, and in-house "Baser Library of Essential Oil Constituents" by analyzing either authentic samples or the relative retention index (RRI) of n-alkanes. 41,42 3.3. Enzyme Inhibitory Activity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ACE2 and LOX Enzyme Inhibitions of Different Lavender Essential Oils and Major Components Linalool and Camphor

et al. 2022

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In this present study, Lavandula angustifolia, Lavandula stoechas, and Lavandula × heterophylla essential oils and their main compounds linalool and camphor were evaluated in vitro for lipoxygenase enzyme (LOX) and for angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) inhibition potential. The chemical compositions of L. angustifolia, L. stoechas, and L. heterophylla essential oils were confirmed both by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry and gas chromatography−flame ionization detection, where 22.4, 0.9, and 30.6% linalool and 17.8, 54.7, and 15% camphor were identified for each oil among other components, respectively. Enzyme inhibitory activity studies were performed at 20 μg/mL for the tested essential oils, whereas for linalool and camphor concentrations, 5 μg/mL was used. The ACE2 inhibitions of L. angustifolia, L. stoechas, and L. heterophylla essential oils were 25.4, 34.1, and 27.1%, while the LOX inhibitions were observed as 79, 49.1, and 86.7%, respectively. In addition, linalool and camphor showed remarkable ACE2 inhibition with 77.1 and 85.1%, whereas the LOX inhibition was observed at 92 and 67.2%, respectively. In conclusion of the initial findings, further detailed in vivo studies are needed to confirm the safe use.

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“…The experiments were performed using the “Angiotensin II Converting Enzyme (ACE2) Inhibitor Screening Kit”, as previously described. 34,44 Eucalyptus essential oils were initially dissolved in DMSO (< 1%, v/v). Test samples (20 μg/mL) were added to each well, then the prepared enzyme solution (0.5 ng/μL ACE2) was added to all wells except the blank.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LOX activity inhibition assays were performed according to the modified spectrophotometric method described by Baylac and Racine, 45 and our previous work. 34,44 The concentration of Eucalyptus essential oils was 20 μg/mL. As the positive control, NDGA was used.…”

Section: Lox Enzyme Inhibition Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro and in silico Evaluation of ACE2 and LOX Inhibitory Activity of Eucalyptus Essential Oils, 1,8-Cineole, and Citronellal

Sakallı

Teralı²,

Karadağ

et al. 2022

Natural Product Communications

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Eucalyptus essential oils are well-known and used especially in upper respiratory tract pathologies or diseases as herbal drug preparations. In the present study, the in vitro angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzyme inhibitory potentials of commercial Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. essential oils were evaluated for their potential anti-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, the major components, 1,8-cineole and citronellal, were evaluated for their ability to bind at the active site of either human ACE2 or human 5-LOX using an in silico setting. Before activity evaluation, Eucalyptus globulus and E citriodora essential oils were analysed by GC/FID and GC/MS, where 1,8-cineole (30%), and citronellal (80%) were identified as the major components, respectively. The in vitro ACE2 inhibition was calculated as 94.9% for E globulus, and that of E citriodora essential oil as 83.4%. In vitro LOX inhibition experiments for essential oils in the same order showed inhibitions of 71.3 and 91.4%, respectively, at 20 µg/mL test concentrations in microplate-based fluorometric assays. In addition, protein–ligand docking, and interaction profiling was used to gain structural and mechanistic insights into the in silico ACE2 and LOX inhibitory potentials of the major Eucalyptus essential oil constituents, 1,8-cineole as well as citronellal. The resulting data supported the in vitro findings; however, further in vivo studies are needed to confirm the activity.

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In Vitro ACE2 and 5-LOX Enzyme Inhibition by Menthol and Three Different Mint Essential Oils

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Evaluation of Mentha spicata L. and Matricaria chamomilla L. Essential Oils

In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Evaluation of Mentha spicata L. and Matricaria chamomilla L. Essential Oils

ACE2 and LOX Enzyme Inhibitions of Different Lavender Essential Oils and Major Components Linalool and Camphor

In vitro and in silico Evaluation of ACE2 and LOX Inhibitory Activity of Eucalyptus Essential Oils, 1,8-Cineole, and Citronellal

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