<i>In vitro</i> antibacterial activity and physicochemical properties of a crude methanol extract of the larvae of the blow fly <i>Lucilia cuprina</i>

Teh, Chien Huey; Nazni, Wasi Ahmad; Lee, H. L.; Fairuz, A; Tan, S. B.; Sofian‐Azirun, Mohd

doi:10.1111/mve.12012

Cited by 39 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The production of larval extract was performed according to the published protocols by Teh et al [ 19 ] with slight modifications. Approximately 200 unsterile, 2 to 3 days-old fly larvae were collected from cow livers, cow lungs or moistened mouse pellet and transferred into a clean, disinfected 50 ml washing tube.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resazurin-based turbidometric (TB) assay was adopted to demonstrate the inhibition effects of larval extract of S. peregrina and M. domestica against S. aureus, MRSA , P. aeruginosa and E. coli. The larval extract of L. cuprina was included into the study as another positive control in addition to standard antibiotics since its inhibitory effects had been demonstrated previously by Teh et al [ 19 ] and therefore can validate and corroborate the feasibility of this assay. Broth microdilutions were performed precisely according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) protocol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The promising antibacterial activity of the local blowfly larvae, Lucilia cuprina against a wide range of pathogenic bacteria [ 19 ] which had in turn made it an effective medicinal larvae in maggot debridement therapy [ 13 ] as well as the ability of fly to thrive in septic environment have prompted our interest to screen the larval extract of other fly species against pathogenic bacteria. For screening purposes, it is essential to employ an in vitro antibacterial assay that is simple, reliable, sensitive, and most importantly, require a minimal amount of crude extract.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of larval extract of fly via resazurin-based turbidometric assay

et al. 2017

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BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance is currently a major global issue. As the rate of emergence of antimicrobial resistance has superseded the rate of discovery and introduction of new effective drugs, the medical arsenal now is experiencing shortage of effective drugs to combat diseases, particularly against diseases caused by the dreadful multidrug-resistant strains, such as the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The ability of fly larvae to thrive in septic habitats has prompted us to determine the antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of larval extract of flies, namely Lucilia cuprina, Sarcophaga peregrina and Musca domestica against 4 pathogenic bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli] via a simple and sensitive antibacterial assay, resazurin-based turbidometric (TB) assay as well as to demonstrate the preliminary chemical profile of larval extracts using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS).ResultsThe resazurin-based TB assay demonstrated that the L. cuprina larval extract was inhibitory against all tested bacteria, whilst the larval extract of S. peregrina and M. domestica were only inhibitory against the MRSA, with a MIC of 100 mg ml-1. Subsequent sub-culture of aliquots revealed that the larval extract of L. cuprina was bactericidal against MRSA whilst the larval extracts of S. peregrina and M. domestica were bacteriostatic against MRSA. The GC-MS analysis had quantitatively identified 20 organic compounds (fatty acids or their derivatives, aromatic acid esters, glycosides and phenol) from the larval extract of L. cuprina; and 5 fatty acid derivatives with known antimicrobial activities from S. peregrina and M. domestica.ConclusionThe resazurin-based turbidometric assay is a simple, reliable and feasible screening assay which evidently demonstrated the antibacterial activity of all fly larval extracts, primarily against the MRSA. The larval extract of L. cuprina exerted a broad spectrum antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria. The present study revealed probable development and use of novel and effective natural disinfectant(s) and antibacterial agent(s) from flies and efforts to screen more fly species for antibacterial activity using resazurin-based TB assay should be undertaken for initial screening for subsequent discovery and isolation of potential novel antimicrobial substances, particularly against the multi-drug resistant strains.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-017-0936-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of larval extract of fly via resazurin-based turbidometric assay

et al. 2017

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“…This is in concordance with findings of Huberman et al (2007) and Barnes et al (2010) on L. sericata hemolymph extract and ES, respectively, where significant bactericidal activity against P. aeruginosa than against S. aureus were recorded. Also, Teh et al (2013) found that L. cuprina larval methanol extracts at 0.78 and 1.56 mg/ml concentrations were able to inhibit more than 50% of P. aeruginosa and E. coli, respectively, while 3.13 mg/ml was necessary to inhibit 50% bacterial growth of Klebsiella pneumonia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

In vitro antimicrobial activity of maggot excretions/secretions of Sarcophaga (Liopygia) argyrostoma (Robineau-Desvoidy)

El-Bassiony¹,

Stoffolano²

2016

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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The excessive usage of conventional antibiotics leads to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains which threaten public health and stimulates searching for new sources of bio-therapeutic drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of maggot excretions/secretions from larvae of Sarcophaga argyrostoma, a common species of the family Sarcophagidae in Egypt. The excretions/secretions (ES) produced by third instar larvae were sterile filtered and tested against selected pathogenic strains of Gram positive (Gram+ve) bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis; Gram negative (Gram-ve) bacteria, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonous aeruginosa; and the filamentous fungus Aspergillus flavus. The ES product produced by third instar maggots proved to be more effective against Gram-ve bacteria. Larval ES, at 0.125 mg/ml concentration, were significantly potent towards P. aeruginosa, E. coli and S. aureus in a descending sequence. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of S. argyrostoma ES were 0.125 mg/ml for P. aeruginosa and E. coli, using the turbidimetric assay method. Twice and four times this concentration were required to inhibit growth of S. aureus (0.25 mg/ml) and B. subtilis (0.5 mg/ml), respectively. The antibacterial properties of S. argyrostoma ES were not affected by heating or freeze-thaw cycles when tested against E. coli.

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“…The secretions from sibling species L . cuprina have also been reported to have anti-microbial activity, suggesting that this may be a common feature of fly larvae [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of the Small RNAs in the Biomedically Important Green-Bottle Blowfly Lucilia sericata

et al. 2015

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BackgroundThe green bottle fly maggot, Lucilia sericata, is a species with importance in medicine, agriculture and forensics. Improved understanding of this species’ biology is of great potential benefit to many research communities. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a short non-protein coding regulatory RNA, which directly regulate a host of protein coding genes at the translational level. They have been shown to have developmental and tissue specific distributions where they impact directly on gene regulation. In order to improve understanding of the biology of L. sericata maggots we have performed small RNA-sequencing of their secretions and tissue at different developmental stages.ResultsWe have successfully isolated RNA from the secretions of L. sericata maggots. Illumina small RNA-sequencing of these secretions and the three tissues (crop, salivary gland, gut) revealed that the most common small RNA fragments were derived from ribosomal RNA and transfer RNAs of both insect and bacterial origins. These RNA fragments were highly specific, with the most common tRNAs, such as GlyGCC, predominantly represented by reads derived from the 5’ end of the mature maggot tRNA. Each library also had a unique profile of miRNAs with a high abundance of miR-10-5p in the maggot secretions and gut and miR-8 in the food storage organ the crop and salivary glands. The pattern of small RNAs in the bioactive maggot secretions suggests they originate from a combination of saliva, foregut and hindgut tissues. Droplet digital RT-PCR validation of the RNA-sequencing data shows that not only are there differences in the tissue profiles for miRNAs and small RNA fragments but that these are also modulated through developmental stages of the insect.ConclusionsWe have identified the small-RNAome of the medicinal maggots L. sericata and shown that there are distinct subsets of miRNAs expressed in specific tissues that also alter during the development of the insect. Furthermore there are very specific RNA fragments derived from other non-coding RNAs present in tissues and in the secretions. This new knowledge has applicability in diverse research fields including wound healing, agriculture and forensics.

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In vitro antibacterial activity and physicochemical properties of a crude methanol extract of the larvae of the blow fly Lucilia cuprina

Cited by 39 publications

References 36 publications

Determination of antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of larval extract of fly via resazurin-based turbidometric assay

Determination of antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of larval extract of fly via resazurin-based turbidometric assay

In vitro antimicrobial activity of maggot excretions/secretions of Sarcophaga (Liopygia) argyrostoma (Robineau-Desvoidy)

Characterisation of the Small RNAs in the Biomedically Important Green-Bottle Blowfly Lucilia sericata

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