In VitroAntibacterial and Time-Kill Evaluation of theErythrina caffraThunb. Extract against Bacteria Associated with Diarrhoea

Abstract

The antibacterial activities of stem bark ethanolic extract of Erythrina caffra Thunb. against bacteria in diarrhoea was determined in vitro by the agar diffusion and dilution, macrobroth dilution, and time-kill assay methods. The result showed that the extract produced inhibition zones ranging between 15 ± 1.0 mm and 23 ± 1.0 mm, and the bacteria were susceptible at concentrations ranging between ≤100 and ≤1000 μg/mL. While the MICs of the extract ranged between 39.1 and 625 μg/mL, and the MBCs ranged between 78.1 and 625 μg/mL, the MICs of Micrococcus luteus, Proteus vulgaris CSIR 0030, Enterococcus faecalis KZN, and Staphylococcus aureus OK3 were less than 100 μg/mL, and the mechanisms of antibiosis indicated that the crude ethanolic extract was highly bactericidal against the entire test bacteria isolates. In the time-kill assay, the average log reduction of the viable cell count ranged between 0.916log 10 and 1.851log 10 cfu/mL on incubating the bacteria for 4 h at the MICs, while the reduction ranged between 0.183log 10 and 1.105log 10 cfu/mL after 8 h of incubation. Incubating the bacteria for 4 h at 2 × MICs resulted in the reduction of the viable cell count to between −0.264log 10 and 0.961log 10 cfu/mL, while the average log reduction ranged between −3.968log 10 and −0.425log 10 cfu/mL after 8 h of incubation with Micrococcus luteus, Proteus vulgaris CSIR 0030, and Staphylococcus aureus OK3 being the most highly affected bacteria. The result showed that the extract exhibited broader-spectrum antibacterial activity and justifies the use of Erythrina caffra in the folkloric medicine for treating gastrointestinal infections in South Africa.

Novel Antimicrobial Peptide from Temporin L in The Treatment of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Malassezia pachydermatis in Polymicrobial Inter-Kingdom Infection

“…Time kill assay was carried out as previously described [ 26 ]. Bacterial suspension (10 5 CFU/mL) was added to microplates along with peptide 8 at 6.25 μM MIC concentration.…”

Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of seven predominant terpenoids

“…Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assay MBC was defined as the lowest concentration of the samples wherein no visible turbidity or colonies were observed. [17] In order to determine the MBC, the solution for concentration being tested was spread on sterile PCA (Oxoid, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England) plates and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. This was done for all three bacterial strains in triplicate.…”

Triterpenoids from Acacia ataxacantha DC: antimicrobial and antioxidant activities

“…These results suggests that this plant might contain bioactive compounds that act as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. It has been reported that in vitro tests do not necessarily confirm that the plant extracts are effective drugs or a suitable candidate for drug development, it provides a basis for understanding the effectiveness of the plant and leads in particular to the search for new active substances [ 10 ]. Therefore, the aim of this study was to isolate bioactive compound from A. ataxacantha barks and investigate their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.…”