<i>In vitro</i>antibiotic susceptibility of Dutch<i>Mycoplasma synoviae</i>field isolates originating from joint lesions and the respiratory tract of commercial poultry

Landman, W. J. M.; Mevius, Dik; Veldman, Kees; Feberwee, Anneke

doi:10.1080/03079450802216637

Cited by 24 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…During the past decade, a limited number of studies relating to the in vitro susceptibility of M. synoviae field strains have been published (8,(15)(16)(17)(18), and in one case, two M. synoviae isolates resistant to En were identified (8). In contrast, the results of this study reveal a high percentage (50%) of M. synoviae field isolates resistant to En.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Molecular Characterization of Acquired Enrofloxacin Resistance in Mycoplasma synoviae Field Isolates

Lysnyansky¹,

Gerchman²,

Mikula³

et al. 2013

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The in vitro activity of enrofloxacin against 73 Mycoplasma synoviae field strains isolated in Israel and Europe was determined by broth microdilution. Decreased susceptibility to enrofloxacin was identified in 59% of strains, with the MICs ranging from 1 to >16 g/ml. The estimated MIC 50 and MIC 90 values for enrofloxacin were 2 and 8 g/ml, respectively. Moreover, this study showed that 92% of recent Israeli field isolates (2009 to 2011) of M. synoviae have MICs of >2 g/ml to enrofloxacin. Comparison of the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) in M. synoviae isolates revealed a clear correlation between the presence of one of the amino acid substitutions Asp79-Asn, Thr80-Ala/Ile, Ser81-Pro, and Asp84-Asn/Tyr/His of the ParC QRDR and decreased susceptibility to enrofloxacin (MIC, >1 g/ml). Amino acid substitutions at positions GyrA 87, GyrB 401/402, and ParE 420/454 were also identified, but there was no clear-cut correlation with susceptibility to enrofloxacin. Comparison of vlhA molecular profiles revealed the presence of 9 different genotypes in the Israeli M. synoviae field isolates and 10 genotypes in the European isolates; only one vlhA genotype (type 4) was identified in both cohorts. Based on results of vlhA molecular typing, several mechanisms for emergence and dissemination of Israeli enrofloxacin-resistant M. synoviae isolates are suggested. Mycoplasma synoviae is an economically important pathogen of poultry, causing respiratory disease and infectious synovitis in chickens and turkeys (1). The severity of clinical manifestations of M. synoviae infection ranges from inapparent to severe and is markedly exacerbated by the presence of other bacterial or viral pathogens. In addition, eggshell apex abnormality (EAA) has been recently described as a novel presentation of M. synoviae infection (2, 3).Antibiotic treatment at the beginning of a disease outbreak is sometimes employed to reduce economic losses caused by clinical outbreaks of M. synoviae. Enrofloxacin (En), a broad-spectrum antibiotic related to the class of fluoroquinolones, has been widely used in many countries for treatment of a variety of poultry diseases, mainly those associated with Escherichia coli and Pasteurella multocida but also avian mycoplasmosis (4). However, in some countries the use of En in poultry is not permitted, mainly due to human health concerns; in the United States, En has been banned for use in poultry since 2005.Fluoroquinolones act by inhibition of DNA replication through the formation of a ternary complex with DNA and the active site of DNA replication enzymes (5). Fluoroquinolone resistance occurs primarily through mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of the parC and/or gyrA gene (encoding the A subunits of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV) or the gyrB and/or parE gene (encoding the B subunits of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV). Topoisomerase IV (parC gene) has been suggested to be the primary target of En in M. synoviae, based on in vivo selection of strains with decreased ...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Molecular Characterization of Acquired Enrofloxacin Resistance in Mycoplasma synoviae Field Isolates

Lysnyansky¹,

Gerchman²,

Mikula³

et al. 2013

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…sp. 1220 (MIC 50 2 μg/ml and MIC 90 4 μg/ml) and other Mycoplasma species of poultry [3, 13, 20, 21]. In addition, the increasing occurrence of quinolone-resistant M. synoviae and M. gallisepticum field isolates were also observed [13, 22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1220 (MIC 50 2 μg/ml and MIC 90 4 μg/ml) and other Mycoplasma species of poultry [3, 13, 20, 21]. In addition, the increasing occurrence of quinolone-resistant M. synoviae and M. gallisepticum field isolates were also observed [13, 22]. In the current study, the detected MIC 50 values (5 μg/ml for enrofloxacin, 10 μg/ml for difloxacin and ≥10 μg/ml for norfloxacin) were even higher than the ones reported before [3, 13, 20–22], confirming the observation of increasing quinolone-resistance in Mycoplasma species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the increasing occurrence of quinolone-resistant M. synoviae and M. gallisepticum field isolates were also observed [13, 22]. In the current study, the detected MIC 50 values (5 μg/ml for enrofloxacin, 10 μg/ml for difloxacin and ≥10 μg/ml for norfloxacin) were even higher than the ones reported before [3, 13, 20–22], confirming the observation of increasing quinolone-resistance in Mycoplasma species. In order to save these antibiotics for human disease treatment the directive was to reduce the use of these agents in livestock.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Mycoplasma sp. 1220 strains isolated from geese in Hungary

et al. 2016

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BackgroundMycoplasma sp. 1220 can induce inflammation primarily in the genital and respiratory tracts of waterfowl, leading to serious economic losses. Adequate housing and appropriate antibiotic treatment are promoted in the control of the disease. The aim of the present study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility to thirteen different antibiotics and an antibiotic combination of thirty-eight M. sp. 1220 strains isolated from geese and a duck in several parts of Hungary, Central Europe between 2011 and 2015.ResultsHigh MIC50 values were observed in the cases of tilmicosin (>64 μg/ml), oxytetracycline (64 μg/ml), norfloxacin (>10 μg/ml) and difloxacin (10 μg/ml). The examined strains yielded the same MIC50 values with spectinomycin, tylosin and florfenicol (8 μg/ml), while enrofloxacin (MIC50 5 μg/ml), doxycycline (MIC50 5 μg/ml), lincomycin (MIC50 4 μg/ml) and lincomycin-spectinomycin (1:2) combination (MIC50 4 μg/ml) inhibited the growth of the bacteria with lower concentrations. Tylvalosin (MIC50 0.5 μg/ml) and two pleuromutilins (tiamulin MIC50 0.625 μg/ml; valnemulin MIC50 ≤ 0.039 μg/ml) were found to be the most effective drugs against M. sp. 1220. However, strains with elevated MIC values were detected for all applied antibiotics.ConclusionsValnemulin, tiamulin and tylvalosin were found to be the most effective antibiotics in the study. Increasing resistance was observed in the cases of several antibiotics. The results highlight the importance of testing Mycoplasma species for antibiotic susceptibility before therapy.

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“…In vitro and field studies showed that oxytetracycline was effective against M. synoviae (Landman et al, 2008) and M. synoviae-induced EAA (Feberwee et al, 2009). However, due to the temporary effect of antibiotic treatment and the risk of residues in eggs for consumption, alternative strategies such as vaccination should be considered for the control of M. synoviae-induced EAA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a liveMycoplasma synoviaevaccine on the production of eggshell apex abnormalities induced by aM. synoviaeinfection preceded by an infection with infectious bronchitis virus D1466

Feberwee¹,

Morrow²,

Ghorashi³

et al. 2009

Avian Pathology

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An experimental study was conducted to assess the effect of a live Mycoplasma synoviae vaccine (Vaxsafe † MS; Bioproperties Pty Ltd, Ringwood, Victoria, Australia) on M. synoviae-induced eggshell apex abnormalities (EAA). Four experimental groups of specified-pathogen-free white laying hens were made. All groups were inoculated with infectious bronchitis virus D1466 at 18 weeks of age. One group did not receive further treatment (non-vaccinated non-challenged (NVNC)). Two groups were vaccinated at 14 weeks of age against M. synoviae, and one of these groups was also challenged with an EAA-inducing M. synoviae strain 5 days after infectious bronchitis virus challenge (vaccinated non-challenged (VNC) and vaccinated challenged group (VC), respectively). The fourth group was not vaccinated but was challenged with M. synoviae (non-vaccinated challenged (NVC)). Eggs with EAA were produced only in the NVC and VC groups. However, the proportion of eggs with EAA and the mean daily production of eggs with EAA per chicken was significantly lower (PB0.05) in the VC group (88/741 (11.9%) and 0.0990.01 eggs per hen) compared with the NVC group (148/646 (22.9%) and 0.1490.01 eggs per hen). The mean daily egg production per chicken was significantly lower in the NVC group (0.4890.03 eggs) compared with that of the NVNC group (0.6090.03 eggs), but not significantly different from other groups. The eggshell strength of eggs with EAA (22.8 N) was significantly lower (PB0.05) than non-affected eggs from the other groups (33.7 to 39.5 N). Furthermore, the eggshell strength of non-affected eggs in the NVC group was significantly lower (PB0.05) compared with that of non-affected eggs from the flock of origin (33.7 versus 41.2 N), but not different from the other groups. It can be concluded from the present study that vaccination with a live M. synoviae vaccine reduces the occurrence of M. synoviae-induced EAA significantly.

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In vitroantibiotic susceptibility of DutchMycoplasma synoviaefield isolates originating from joint lesions and the respiratory tract of commercial poultry

Cited by 24 publications

References 18 publications

Molecular Characterization of Acquired Enrofloxacin Resistance in Mycoplasma synoviae Field Isolates

Molecular Characterization of Acquired Enrofloxacin Resistance in Mycoplasma synoviae Field Isolates

Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Mycoplasma sp. 1220 strains isolated from geese in Hungary

Effect of a liveMycoplasma synoviaevaccine on the production of eggshell apex abnormalities induced by aM. synoviaeinfection preceded by an infection with infectious bronchitis virus D1466

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