<i>In Vitro</i>Antimalarial Activity and Chloroquine Potentiating Action of Two Bisbenzylisoquinoline Enantiomer Alkaloids Isolated from<i>Strychnopsis thouarsii and Spirospermum penduliflorum</i>

Ratsimamanga-Urverg, S.; Rasoanaivo, P.; Ramiaramanana, L.; Milijaona, R.; Rafatro, Herintsoa; Verdier, F.; Rakoto-Ratsimamanga, A.; Bras, J. Le

doi:10.1055/s-2006-961545

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…We previously reported that the bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids frangchinoline and limacine isolated from plants used as adjuvants to CQ have both significant in vitro intrinsic antiplasmodial potency and CQ enhancement activity (15). In the present study, we have found that strychnobrasiline and malagashanine lack in vitro intrinsic antimalarial activity but enhance in vitro CQ effectiveness against a CQ-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum.…”

Section: Cyto Toxicity Testsupporting

confidence: 48%

In Vitroandin VivoChloroquine-Potentiating Action ofStrychnos myrtoidesAlkaloids Against Chloroquine-Resistant Strains ofPlasmodiumMalaria

et al. 1994

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Crude alkaloids of Strychnos myrtoides Gilg & Busse, empirically used as an adjuvant to chloroquine (CQ) in Malagasy herbal remedies, were practically devoid of intrinsic in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity. However, when combined with CQ at a dose level much lower than their IC50 value, they markedly enhanced in vitro the effectiveness of the synthetic drug against a CQ-resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum. They also enhanced in vivo CQ activity against a resistant strain of Plasmodium yoelii. By counter-current distribution (CCD) separation of the crude alkaloid extract, the two major alkaloids strychnobrasiline (1) and malagashanine (2), together with four minor alkaloids, were isolated. Strychnobrasiline and malagashanine were devoid of both intrinsic antimalarial activity and cytotoxicity effect, but exhibited significant CQ-potentiating actions. These findings could account for the above-mentioned empirical use of S. myrtoides. The present state of research on antimalarial drug from Strychnos genus is also discussed.

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Section: Cyto Toxicity Testsupporting

confidence: 48%

In Vitroandin VivoChloroquine-Potentiating Action ofStrychnos myrtoidesAlkaloids Against Chloroquine-Resistant Strains ofPlasmodiumMalaria

et al. 1994

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“…Investigation of some such plants in Madagascar has shown that they reverse chloroquine resistance in vitro and in mouse models [70]. These include bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids of Strychnopsis thouarsii and Spirospermum penduliflorum [87], alkaloids of Hernandia voyronii [88], and strychnobrasiline and malagashanine from Strychnos myrtoides [89]. Three indole alkaloids, icajine, strychnobrasiline and isoreticuline from Strychnos icaja , S. myrtoides and S. variabilis , which have no intrinsic anti-malarial activity, have been shown to reverse chloroquine resistance in in vitro tests with P. falciparum [90].…”

Section: Multidrug Resistance Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole plant extracts versus single compounds for the treatment of malaria: synergy and positive interactions

Rasoanaivo

Wright

Willcox

et al. 2011

Malar J

422

262

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BackgroundIn traditional medicine whole plants or mixtures of plants are used rather than isolated compounds. There is evidence that crude plant extracts often have greater in vitro or/and in vivo antiplasmodial activity than isolated constituents at an equivalent dose. The aim of this paper is to review positive interactions between components of whole plant extracts, which may explain this.MethodsNarrative review.ResultsThere is evidence for several different types of positive interactions between different components of medicinal plants used in the treatment of malaria. Pharmacodynamic synergy has been demonstrated between the Cinchona alkaloids and between various plant extracts traditionally combined. Pharmacokinetic interactions occur, for example between constituents of Artemisia annua tea so that its artemisinin is more rapidly absorbed than the pure drug. Some plant extracts may have an immunomodulatory effect as well as a direct antiplasmodial effect. Several extracts contain multidrug resistance inhibitors, although none of these has been tested clinically in malaria. Some plant constituents are added mainly to attenuate the side-effects of others, for example ginger to prevent nausea.ConclusionsMore clinical research is needed on all types of interaction between plant constituents. This could include clinical trials of combinations of pure compounds (such as artemisinin + curcumin + piperine) and of combinations of herbal remedies (such as Artemisia annua leaves + Curcuma longa root + Piper nigum seeds). The former may enhance the activity of existing pharmaceutical preparations, and the latter may improve the effectiveness of existing herbal remedies for use in remote areas where modern drugs are unavailable.

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“…Spirospermum penduliflorum was mainly studied for its antiplasmodial alkaloids content but also for its vasorelaxant activity (Raoelison et al 2013;Ratsimamanga-Urverg et al 1992). However, this plant was never studied for its antimicrobial activity.…”

Section: Spirospermum Penduliflorum Thouars (Menispermaceae)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary evidences of the direct and indirect antimicrobial activity of 12 plants used in traditional medicine in Africa

2015

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In a world of increasing resistance to current antibiotics, search of novel therapeutic options is urgently needed. The aim of this work was to screen plant crude extracts for direct or indirect (inhibition of resistance) antimicrobial activity. Four crude extracts from 12 plants traditionally used in Africa for the treatment of infections were obtained by successive extraction with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. All extracts were tested against Staphylococcus aureus MRSA ATCC33591 [resistant to b-lactams by production of b-lactamases and of a modified PBP target (PBP2a)]. Direct antimicrobial activity was tested by determination of Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC), and indirect activity, by determining interactions between antibiotics and extracts using checkerboard titration and calculation of Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI; synergy: FICI B 0.5; additivity: FICI B 1). Combined antibiotics were ampicillin (sensitive to resistance mediated by b-lactamases and PBP2a) and oxacillin (sensitive to resistance mediated by PBP2a only). The dichloromethane extract of Vitellaria paradoxa leaves, the methanol extracts of Vitellaria paradoxa, Cola gigantea leaves and twigs, and of Tapinanthus bangwensis aerial parts showed direct antimicrobial activity (MIC 250-500 mg/L). The methanol extracts of Vitellaria paradoxa and Cola gigantea leaves and twigs showed additive or synergistic effects with oxacillin and ampicillin on MRSA ATCC33591 (FICI 0.28-1), suggesting a possible inhibition of PBP2a. The methanol extract of Tapinanthus bangwensis aerial parts and Anchomanes difformis roots improved the activity of ampicillin only (FICI 0.38-1), suggesting b-lactamase inhibition. Polyphenols and particularly tannins were shown to be responsible for these last effects, at least partially for Vitellaria paradoxa. These data need further research aiming at identifying the active compounds in these extracts.

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In VitroAntimalarial Activity and Chloroquine Potentiating Action of Two Bisbenzylisoquinoline Enantiomer Alkaloids Isolated fromStrychnopsis thouarsii and Spirospermum penduliflorum

Cited by 27 publications

References 6 publications

In Vitroandin VivoChloroquine-Potentiating Action ofStrychnos myrtoidesAlkaloids Against Chloroquine-Resistant Strains ofPlasmodiumMalaria

In Vitroandin VivoChloroquine-Potentiating Action ofStrychnos myrtoidesAlkaloids Against Chloroquine-Resistant Strains ofPlasmodiumMalaria

Whole plant extracts versus single compounds for the treatment of malaria: synergy and positive interactions

Preliminary evidences of the direct and indirect antimicrobial activity of 12 plants used in traditional medicine in Africa

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