<i>In vitro</i> antimicrobial activity of a gel containing antimicrobial peptide <scp>AMP</scp>2041, chlorhexidine digluconate and Tris‐<scp>EDTA</scp> on clinical isolates of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> from canine otitis

Ghibaudo, G.; Santospirito, Davide; Sala, Andrea; Flisi, Sara; Taddei, Simone; Cavirani, S.; Cabassi, Clotilde Silvia

doi:10.1111/vde.12371

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Nevertheless, in vitro inhibition has been demonstrated with a 0.15% chlorhexidine ear cleaner, and chlorhexidine has MIC and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of 0.6–10 mg/L against the ESBL-EC and 5–10 mg/L against the PA isolates used in this study (data submitted for publication). MBCs of chlorhexidine to PA in previous veterinary studies have been found to be between 5 and 28 mg/ml [24, 25] and MIC in human studies of 4 mg/ml [26]. which compares favourably to our submitted study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

A pilot study of the in vitro antimicrobial activity and in vivo residual activity of chlorhexidine and acetic acid/boric acid impregnated cleansing wipes

Rafferty

Robinson²,

Harris

et al. 2019

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundTopical antimicrobials are recommended for first line treatment of surface and superficial infections in dogs. This is especially important given the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistant infections. Antimicrobial wipes have become popular, but there are a lack of controlled studies assessing their in vitro antimicrobial and in vivo residual activity. We aimed to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of two commercial antimicrobial wipes against frequently isolated pathogens.Ten clinical and one reference isolate each of meticillin-susceptible Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MSSP), meticillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP), Escherichia coli (EC), extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli (ESBL-EC), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) and Malassezia pachydermatis (MP) were tested using a modified Kirby-Bauer technique. Each isolate was tested against 6 mm discs of chlorhexidine (CHX) and acetic acid/boric acid (AABA) wipes, and positive and negative controls either overnight (bacteria) or for 3 days (Malassezia).Healthy dogs were treated with the wipes and distilled water on a randomised flank (n = 5 each). Hair samples (1 cm; 0.1 g) taken at days 0, 1 and 3 were inoculated with an isolate of each organism. Zones of inhibition (ZI) were measured.ResultsAll isolates produced confluent growth with AABA and control wipes, except for the cleansing wipes and MP (median ZI 12 mm; 95% CI 8.2–15.8). The median (95% CI) CHX wipe ZIs (mm) were: MP 48.0 (47.0–49.0), MSSP 15.6 (14.2–17.0), MRSP 14.0 (13.6–14.4), EC 13.6 (12.0–15.2) and ESBL-EC 10.0 (9.4–10.6). PA showed confluent growth. The differences between the bacterial isolates was significant (Kruskal-Wallis p < 0.0001; post-tests MSSP = MRSP = EC > EBSL-EC > PA). Confluent growth was visible with all the hair samples.ConclusionCHX but not AABA showed in vitro efficacy against MSSP, MRSP, EC and MP. ESBL-EC were less susceptible and there was no activity against PA. There was no residual activity on hair. Additional studies are required to determine efficacy of these products in clinically affected patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

A pilot study of the in vitro antimicrobial activity and in vivo residual activity of chlorhexidine and acetic acid/boric acid impregnated cleansing wipes

Rafferty

Robinson²,

Harris

et al. 2019

BMC Vet Res

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“…29,30,31,32 A gel containing the antimicrobial peptide AMP2041 was evaluated in vitro against some isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa causing OE. 33 Other authors 34,35 have described some synthetic peptides with sequences identical to fragments of the constant region of antibodies that proved to exert fungicidal effect against yeasts. Cafarchia et al studied the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of a killer decapeptide with fungicidal effect against M. pachydermatis isolated from dogs with otitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro activity of lactoferricin solution against Malassezia pachydermatis from otitis externa in dogs and cats

Corona¹,

Vercelli²,

Bruni³

et al. 2021

Veterinary Dermatology

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Background -Malassezia pachydermatis is a commensal organism of the skin, yet it may induce dermatitis and/or otitis. Lactoferricin (Lfcin) is an antimicrobial peptide obtained by the pepsin-mediated digestion of lactoferrin, a multifunctional innate-defence milk protein. The antibacterial activity of Lfcin is thought to cause alteration of bacterial membrane permeability, thus inducing cell death.Objectives -The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro antifungal activity of different dilutions of Lfcin solution against M. pachydermatis strains isolated from ears of dogs and cats with otitis externa.Methods and materials -Fifty clinical Malassezia isolates from 40 dogs and 10 cats were tested. A dilution method in microtitre plates was used starting with a 20% Lfcin water solution. The different dilutions were 2:1 (13.3%), 1:1 (10%), 1:2 (6.7%), 1:5 (3.3%) and 1:10 (1.8%). Results were expressed as the value at which the growth of 50% (minimal fungicidal concentration MFC 50 ) and 90% (MFC 90 ) of yeast cells was inhibited.Results -All strains showed susceptibility to 20% Lfcin solution (100%). With 1:5 and 1:10 dilutions corresponding to 3.3% and 1.8% Lfcin solutions, all strains showed resistance. The MFC 50 and MFC 90 values were observed at 13.3% and 20% Lfcin solutions.Conclusions and clinical relevance -The results indicated that Lfcin solution exhibits the antimicrobial activity specific to antimicrobial peptides. In particular, the 20% solution can be effective in killing M. pachydermatis isolated strains. Some susceptibilities also are evident at lower concentrations of ≤6.7% for four strains.

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“…Other novel antimicrobial compounds include various essential plant oils and extracts [60][61][62][63][64][65] , manuka honey 43 , antimicrobial peptides 66,67 , lactoferricin 68 and trisEDTA/monensin 69 . Early studies show good in vitro efficacy, although this can be more varied in the presence of mature biofilms 60 .…”

Section: Future Anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial Treatment Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing recurrent otitis externa in dogs: what have we learned and what can we do better?

Nuttall

2023

javma

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Recurrent otitis externa is a common problem in dogs. Topical treatment for each flare is successful in the short term, but repeated cycles of inflammation and infection lead to chronic inflammatory changes, pain and aversion, and antimicrobial resistance. These make the flares more frequent and harder to control. Eventually, the changes become irreversible and require a total ear canal ablation/lateral bulla osteotomy or ablative laser surgery. Most ear canal surgery is avoidable if recurrent otitis is properly managed at an earlier stage. This requires a different mindset and approach to these cases, taking advantage of recent research and clinical findings. Most importantly, clinicians must appreciate that all recurrent ear infections in dogs are secondary. To achieve a good long-term outcome, it is essential that all the underlying factors in each case are diagnosed and managed using the primary, secondary, predisposing, and perpetuating framework. This means that the primary condition must be diagnosed and managed, the secondary infection treated, predisposing risks identified and corrected, and the perpetuating factors reversed. Treatment is in 2 phases: induction to get the ears in remission and then long-term maintenance therapy to prevent relapses. Treatment should be appropriate to each dog but will typically involve ear cleaning, topical antimicrobial therapy, and topical or systemic glucocorticoids. Novel treatments for infection and inflammation will offer additional options in the future. Understanding the triggers for recurrent otitis in dogs will help clinicians plan effective management regimens that will make a huge difference to the quality of life of their patients and their owners.

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In vitro antimicrobial activity of a gel containing antimicrobial peptide AMP2041, chlorhexidine digluconate and Tris‐EDTA on clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from canine otitis

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

A pilot study of the in vitro antimicrobial activity and in vivo residual activity of chlorhexidine and acetic acid/boric acid impregnated cleansing wipes

A pilot study of the in vitro antimicrobial activity and in vivo residual activity of chlorhexidine and acetic acid/boric acid impregnated cleansing wipes

In vitro activity of lactoferricin solution against Malassezia pachydermatis from otitis externa in dogs and cats

Managing recurrent otitis externa in dogs: what have we learned and what can we do better?

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