In vitro biocorrosion of Ti‐6Al‐4V implant alloy by a mouse macrophage cell line

Abstract

Corrosion of implant alloys releasing metal ions has the potential to cause adverse tissue reactions and implant failure. We hypothesized that macrophage cells and their released reactive chemical species (RCS) affect the alloy's corrosion properties. A custom cell culture corrosion box was used to evaluate how cell culture medium, macrophage cells and RCS altered the Ti-6Al-4V corrosion behaviors in 72 h and how corrosion products affected the cells. There was no difference in the charge transfer in the presence (75.2 +/- 17.7 mC) and absence (62.3 +/- 18.8 mC) of cells. The alloy had the lowest charge transfer (28.2 +/- 4.1 mC) and metal ion release (Ti < 10 ppb, V < 2 ppb) with activated cells (releasing RCS) compared with the other two conditions. This was attributed to an enhancement of the surface oxides by RCS. Metal ion release was very low (Ti < 20 ppb, V < 10 ppb) with nonactivated cells and did not change cell morphology, viability, and NO and ATP release compared with controls. However, IL-1beta released from the activated cells and the proliferation of nonactivated cells were greater on the alloy than the controls. In summary, macrophage cells and RCS reduced the corrosion of Ti-6Al-4V alloys as hypothesized. These data are important in understanding host tissue-material interactions.

Response of human endothelial cells to oxidative stress on Ti6Al4V alloy

“…The cathodic part of the corrosion process results in the reduction of oxygen at physiological pH with the formation of ROS and H 2 O 2 as intermediate products [3]. Thickening of the TiO 2 -layer in biological solutions substantiate the fact that corrosion processes permanently occur at titanium implant surfaces [4,11]. Wear particles formed at the interface bone/implant or implant/cement (used for the fixation of the implant) can disrupt the protective TiO 2 film, thus further inducing corrosion, leading to the synergistic fretting-wear process.…”

Fracture of Ni‐Ti superelastic alloy under sustained tensile load in physiological saline solution containing hydrogen peroxide

“…Mu et al29 insisted that active oxygen species produced by macrophages lead to titanium ion release from commercial pure titanium in the absence of wear and fretting in vivo . Other articles18–23, 30–33 also exhibit the effects of hydrogen peroxide on corrosion resistance, surface conditions, or the dissolution of metal ions for titanium and its alloys. However, these reported effects of hydrogen peroxide are not anticipated to lead to a pronounced degradation of the mechanical properties or the fracture of titanium or Ni‐Ti superelastic alloy for a short time.…”

Selfprotective smart orthopedic implants

“…Thus, bioglass [33], hydroxyapatite [34], calcium phosphate or adhesion peptides, such as arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD), have been used to enhance biological interactions at the implant surface, improve osseointegration and potentially minimize complications [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42].…”