In vitro comparison of dental implant site preparation with ultrasonic system and conventional rotatory system

Abstract

Aim: To compare in vitro the site preparation of dental implant using a rotatory system and an ultrasonic system by evaluating the variability of temperature, time and primary stability that is provided by the different sequences of dental implant drills and tips. Materials and methods: Sixteen osteotomies were performed with different sequences of drills (Initial, Titamax 2.0, 2/3 and 3.0) for the rotatory group (RG) and tips (IM1S, IM2P, IM2/3, IM3P) for the ultrasonic group (UG) on bovine cortical-cancellous bone samples. Micro-CT images were acquired to assess bone microarchitecture and bone mineral density of each sample to guarantee similar bone conditions. For the RG, the osteotomies were performed with a dental implant contra-angle handpiece at 800 rpm and 50 N/cm maximum torque using an implant micromotor. For the UG, the osteotomies were performed using a Piezosurgery3 system with the respective tip. The temperature was measured and four implants 3.75 9 11 Titamax were installed in each group to measure the final torque. Results: For the RG, the following mean values were found: 22.87 s, 24.2°C superficial temperature, 27.6°C perforation temperature and 32.30 N/cm torque. The UG values were 72.9 s, 26.6°C superficial temperature, 32.1°C perforation temperature and 22.60 N/cm torque. Conclusions: Rotatory and ultrasonic systems are effective methods for implant site preparation with satisfactory outcomes. For corticalcancellous preparation sites, the drills of the RG were related to lower temperatures and less time for osteotomy. Thus, the use of rotatory systems is preferred due to the heat differential generated during the dental implant sites preparation. Clinical relevanceScientific rationale for study Osteotomy techniques are superior due to greater precision when performed with ultrasonic systems; however, data on temperature and surgical times related to such systems are still controversial in the literature when compared to conventional rotatory systems. Principal findingsRotatory system was related to lower temperatures and less time for osteotomy during dental implant sites preparation.Oral Surgery 13 (2020) 108--116.