In vitro degradation behavior and bioactivity of magnesium‐Bioglass^® composites for orthopedic applications

Abstract

To improve the bioactivity and degradation behavior of biodegradable magnesium, biodegradable metal matrix composites with the ZK30 magnesium alloy as the matrix and bioactive glass (BG, 45S5) as the reinforcement were prepared. The microstructures of the ZK30-BG composites showed homogeneous dispersion of BG particles throughout the matrix. XRD and EDX analyses confirmed the retention of the morphological characteristics and composition of BG particles in the composites. Immersion tests in the minimum essential medium with Earle's balanced salts at 37°C showed that the composites with 5 and 10% BG had lower rates of degradation and hydrogen evolution than the matrix alloy. In addition, the tests confirmed that the composites possessed an enhanced ability to induce calcium and phosphate ion deposition on sample surfaces during degradation, suggesting accelerated surface mineralization that would lead to improved bioactivity when compared with the matrix alloy. In vitro cytotoxicity tests showed that the ionic products of the composites formed during degradation possessed a superior ability to support the survival, proliferation, and osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells to those of the ZK30 alloy. The ZK30-BG composites with enhanced bioactivity and reduced degradation rate could be promising biodegradable materials for orthopedic implants.

Sintering Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Magnesium/β-Tricalcium Phosphate Composites Sintered by Spark Plasma Sintering

“…In order to achieve the desired mechanical properties for load-bearing applications, novel magnesium alloys and magnesium-based composites have been explored. [3][4][5][6][7][8] Some investigators have developed magnesium/bioceramic composites by powder metallurgy technique, for example, magnesium/hydroxyapatite (HA) composites, ZK60 magnesium alloy/calcium polyphosphate (CPP) composites and AZ91 magnesium alloy/HA composites, since bioceramics possess great biocompatibility. [3][4][5] Although some magnesium/bioceramic composites enhanced their mechanical properties, results of decreasing strength of magnesium/bioceramic composites have also been reported.…”

Towards the synthesis of an Mg-containing silicate glass–ceramic to be used as a scaffold for cementum/alveolar bone regeneration

“…Body Fluid (SBF) prepared as described by Kokubo et al [24]. All samples were tested in triplicates and the solution volume/ surface area ratio was kept higher than 6.7 [25]. When the samples were removed from the SBF solution they were rinsed with ethanol and distilled water, dried and stored in airtight containers.…”

Biocompatible strontium-phosphate and manganese-phosphate conversion coatings for magnesium and its alloys

“…have also been also adopted by other researchers for corrosion protection purposes (Huan et al, 2012;Zhou et al, 2008Zhou et al, , 2011. However, little research work has been carried out to exploit their biomedical applications, regardless what the underlying metals are, which might be attributed to the safety concerns of the presence of multi-valent Mn (VII and V) cations in addition to divalent Mn cations.…”