In vitro effect of clarithromycin and alginate lyase against helicobacter pylori biofilm

Abstract

It is now established that the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori has the ability to form biofilms in vitro as well as on the human gastric mucosa. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of Clarithromycin on H. pylori biofilm and to enhance the effects of this antibiotic by combining it with Alginate Lyase, an enzyme degrading the polysaccharides present in the extracellular polymeric matrix forming the biofilm. We evaluated the Clarithromycin minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) on in vitro preformed biofilm of a H. pylori. Then the synergic effect of Clarithromycin and Alginate Lyase treatment has been quantified by using the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration index, measured by checkerboard microdilution assay. To clarify the mechanisms behind the effectiveness of this antibiofilm therapeutic combination, we used Atomic Force Microscopy to analyze modifications of bacterial morphology, percentage of bacillary or coccoid shaped bacteria cells and to quantify biofilm properties. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:1584-1591, 2016.

Helicobacter pylori Biofilm Involves a Multigene Stress-Biased Response, Including a Structural Role for Flagella

“…Thus, these antibiotics may have less impact on biofilm cells. In fact, recent in vitro studies have shown that clarithromycin is 4- to 16-fold less effective on H. pylori biofilm cells than on planktonic ones ( 26 , 61 ).…”

Mixed Borrelia burgdorferi and Helicobacter pylori Biofilms in Morgellons Disease Dermatological Specimens

“…Biofilms can form on abiotic and biotic surfaces, including mucosal surfaces and on indwelling medical devices [55]. Bacterial biofilms can form in vivo in human beings, resulting from infections associated with chronic conditions such as bacterial endocarditis, cystic fibrosis, human gastric mucosal lesions and struvite nephrolithiasis [57,58]. Biofilms along with resultant immune responses are responsible for the development of chronic recalcitrant slowly-healing wound conditions such as venous leg ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers and are acknowledged contributors to antibiotic resistance [59,60,61,62].…”

“…Bb and Hp can independently form biofilms both in vitro and in vivo [21,22,58,60,62,63]. The formation of biofilms in vitro enabled the establishment of antibiotic resistant Bb cultures [60,64].…”

“…The mucopolysaccharide component of the EPM is a protective barrier against hostile external factors, and alginate is a key mucopolysaccharide component of many bacterial biofilms [22,67,68,69]. Alginate expression occurs in Leptospira and Borrelia spirochetal biofilms, as well as in the biofilms formed by other bacterial species, such as those produced by Psuedomonas aeruginosa in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients [22,58,67,68,69,70].…”

Using Probiotics as Supplementation for Helicobacter pylori Antibiotic Therapy

“…Moreover, H. pylori can form biofilms in gastric mucosa, and biofilm formation might enhance its resistance to drugs and the host immune system [21][22][23][24]33]. In vitro experiments have shown that the resistance of H. pylori ATCC43629 biofilm cells to clarithromycin is approximately eight-fold greater than that of planktonic cells [34]. Additionally, biofilm formation increases H. pylori TK1402 generation rates of drug-resistance mutations and its resistance to metronidazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin in vitro [22,24,35].…”