In vitro evaluation of novel low-pressure spark plasma sintered HA–BG composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Abstract

HB 30 S composite scaffold inhibits Staphylococcus spp., supports the biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs and resists monocyte migration.

Calcium-Silicate-Incorporated Gellan-Chitosan Induced Osteogenic Differentiation in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

“…Recently, mesenchymal stromal cells derived from bone marrow have been identified as optimal since they are the precursors of osteoblasts and possess an excellent proliferative capacity. In the present study, the human bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stromal cells were used, as this phenotype has been noted for its isolation technique and characterization following the Mesenchymal and Tissue Stem Cell Committee of the International Society for Cellular Therapy [ 24 ].…”

“…This outcome indicates that CS in scaffolds could rapidly accelerate mineral deposition as compared with scaffolds without CS. Though ALP is one of the essential markers measured as an early indicator of osteogenic differentiation, the pattern of bone biomineralization observed from the results of alizarin-red staining in the forsterite scaffold was slightly different due to variable time points between these two experiments [ 24 ]. Despite these two parameters, which were well reported in most of the studies associated with bone tissue engineering scaffolds, the osteogenic potential of the cells seeded in scaffolds is ambiguous without a comprehensive osteogenic gene expression quantification of the seeded cells.…”

“…Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an osteogenic marker responsible for extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization, and ALP gene expression explains osteogenic differentiation patterns [ 27 ]. Elevated ALP gene expression was observed in cells seeded in both GC-20 CS and GC-40 CS scaffolds, and this suggests that, though low amounts of CS are enough to induce early differentiation of cells, a high concentration is essential to induce the expression of mid- and late-stage osteogenic differentiation markers [ 24 , 39 ]. BMP-2 is a 396 amino acid polypeptide that can induce mesenchymal stem cell differentiation in bone and cartilage tissues [ 40 ].…”

“…Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (FEI Quanta 200F, Hillsboro, OR, USA) topography analysis was executed to observe the distribution of hBMSCs on all composite scaffolds using our established method [ 24 ]. Briefly, scaffold samples were postfixed using 2.5% formalin and subjected to a dehydration procedure using a graded series of ethanol-water ratios (40–100%) and maintained in a fume hood for drying at room temperature.…”

Bioglass-fibre reinforced hydroxyapatite composites synthesized using spark plasma sintering for bone tissue engineering

“…The chemical composition of SBF exhibits high resemblance to the human blood plasma [22]. The adopted procedure for complete bioactivity tests is explained in our earlier article [23]. The morphological characterization of the grown apatite layer was analysed using FESEM (after deposition of a thin Au layer), while its composition was determined using EDAX.…”