<i>In vitro</i>evaluation of variances between real and declared concentration of hydrogen peroxide in various tooth-whitening products

Majeed, Abdul; Farooq, Imran; Grobler, S.R.; Moola, M.H.

doi:10.3109/00016357.2014.971865

Cited by 11 publications

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“…Several bleaching agents with different hydrogen peroxide concentrations are now available on the market for in-office techniques, including carbamide peroxide-based agents 16 , 20 . Carbamide peroxide is commonly used for at-home bleaching using a tray-based technique and dissociates into hydrogen peroxide (approximately a third of its former concentration) and urea, which further breaks down into water and ammonia 7 , 29 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-concentration carbamide peroxide can reduce the sensitivity caused by in-office tooth bleaching: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial

et al. 2018

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Objectives A single-blinded, randomized, parallel clinical trial evaluated the use of 37% carbamide peroxide (CP) on bleaching effectiveness and tooth sensitivity reported by patients undergoing in-office tooth bleaching, in comparison with the results of using 35% hydrogen peroxide.Material and Methods Forty patients were allocated to receive two sessions of in-office tooth bleaching using either 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) or 37% CP. Each patient’s sensitivity level was evaluated during and up to 24 h after bleaching. The effectiveness of the bleaching procedures was evaluated with a spectrophotometer one week after each session and 30 days after the last session. The impact of tooth bleaching on the patients’ perceptions regarding smile changes, in addition to the bleaching procedures and their results, were also recorded. Absolute and relative sensitivity risks were calculated. Data on sensitivity level were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney or T-test, and data from the color evaluation were subjected to 2-way repeated measures ANOVA.Results The use of CP reduced the risk and level of tooth sensitivity to values close to zero, whereas the difference between the bleaching agents disappeared after 24 h. An increased bleaching effect was observed for HP, mainly due to an improved reduction of redness and yellowness. Participants perceived improved tooth bleaching for HP and reduced sensitivity for CP, but no differences regarding the comfort of the techniques were noted.Conclusions In our study, 37% CP resulted in reduced tooth sensitivity but decreased the tooth bleaching effectiveness. However, both bleaching agents resulted in high levels of patient satisfaction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-concentration carbamide peroxide can reduce the sensitivity caused by in-office tooth bleaching: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial

et al. 2018

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“…A greater ability for peroxide penetration was obtained when the previous acid etching was performed with a light source 6 . An increasing number of tooth-bleaching products are commercially available with different compositions and concentrations 11 , and nowadays, there is a trend towards decreasing the gels’ concentration values and diversifying their formulations 1 , 3 , 23 , 24 . The development of these new materials justifies the need for studies to evaluate the changes in the enamel surface caused by different bleaching protocols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of pH, bleaching agents, and acid etching on surface wear of bovine enamel

et al. 2016

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Development of new materials for tooth bleaching justifies the need for studies to evaluate the changes in the enamel surface caused by different bleaching protocols. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the bovine dental enamel wear in function of different bleaching gel protocols, acid etching and pH variation.Material and Methods Sixty fragments of bovine teeth were cut, obtaining a control and test areas. In the test area, one half received etching followed by a bleaching gel application, and the other half, only the bleaching gel. The fragments were randomly divided into six groups (n=10), each one received one bleaching session with five hydrogen peroxide gel applications of 8 min, activated with hybrid light, diode laser/blue LED (HL) or diode laser/violet LED (VHL) (experimental): Control (C); 35% Total Blanc Office (TBO35HL); 35% Lase Peroxide Sensy (LPS35HL); 25% Lase Peroxide Sensy II (LPS25HL); 15% Lase Peroxide Lite (LPL15HL); and 10% hydrogen peroxide (experimental) (EXP10VHL). pH values were determined by a pHmeter at the initial and final time periods. Specimens were stored, subjected to simulated brushing cycles, and the superficial wear was determined (μm). ANOVA and Tukey´s tests were applied (α=0.05).Results The pH showed a slight decrease, except for Group LPL15HL. Group LPS25HL showed the highest degree of wear, with and without etching.Conclusion There was a decrease from the initial to the final pH. Different bleaching gels were able to increase the surface wear values after simulated brushing. Acid etching before bleaching increased surface wear values in all groups.

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“…Moreover, the hydrogen peroxide concentration of most whitening products frequently is, to some extent, different than the reported one. 10,16 Everyday tooth brushing is generally accepted as an effective way to remove, apart from dental plaque, the superficial tooth staining, depending on toothpaste's composition. 44 The additional existence of abrasive substances in toothpastes, as well as the longer time of tooth brushing compared to the use of a mouthrinse, make toothpastes more effective than mouthrinses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,9 Unfortunately, their active ingredients and concentrations are not always specified. 10 Whitening mouthrinses have been introduced to the market few years ago, claiming they could prevent staining, fight plaque build-up, and lead to quick tooth whitening. They have become one of the most popular OTC products, because of their easy application and their low cost.…”

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confidence: 99%

Efficacy of non‐hydrogen peroxide mouthrinses on tooth whitening: An in vitro study

Ntovas

Masouras

Lagouvardos

2021

J Esthet Restor Dent

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Objectives: To evaluate the tooth whitening efficacy of non-hydrogen peroxide containing mouthrinses. Methods: Forty incisors were randomly assigned into four groups. Four whitening mouthrinses, Oral-B 3D White Luxe/Procter & Gamble (WL), Listerine Advanced White/Johnson & Johnson (AW), Colgate Max White/Colgate (MW), and iWhite Whitening Mouthwash/Sylphar (iW), were used over a four-week period. Color changes of L*, a*, b*, ΔE* ab , and ΔE 00 , were recorded by a digital spectrophotometer (Spectroshade Micro/Mht), at baseline and intermediate week-intervals. Data were statistically analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA at α = 0.05. Results:The first-week mean change of L* was 0.76 and significantly different from the baseline for all solutions, without any further changes. Correspondingly, a* decreased by À0.36, while b* increased by 0.48, contributing to a color change of 1.15 ΔE* ab or 0.91 ΔE 00 . No differences were found among the solutions in respect to color-parameter changes (p > 0.05). Differences among time intervals were significant (p < 0.05) and mainly observed between the baseline and the following week-measurements. There was no statistically significant time-solution interaction (p > 0.05).Conclusions: Non-hydrogen peroxide whitening mouthrinses, slightly contribute to tooth whitening, by removing superficial staining, without any further tooth bleaching effect.Clinical significance: Non-hydrogen peroxide containing whitening mouthrinses, despite having a quick initial action, reach their ceiling relatively soon. Their effectiveness is barely perceptible and definitely inferior to other professional tooth bleaching methods. Thus, they can only be considered as a supplementary way of keeping teeth whiter, mainly by preventing recurrent tooth discoloration. K E Y W O R D Sover the counter whitening products, phthalimido-peroxy-caproic acid, sodium hexametaphosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, tooth bleaching, whitening mouthrinses | INTRODUCTIONTooth discoloration is the result of the combined action of extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Extrinsic is the superficial discoloration caused mainly by smoke, food, and beverage stains, while intrinsic is the subsurface discoloration often related to enamel and dentin properties. 1 Dental bleaching has been recognized as one of the most important cosmetic treatments. 2 Under the proper supervision, bleaching has been proven a safe and effective procedure. The wide formulation

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In vitroevaluation of variances between real and declared concentration of hydrogen peroxide in various tooth-whitening products

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

High-concentration carbamide peroxide can reduce the sensitivity caused by in-office tooth bleaching: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial

High-concentration carbamide peroxide can reduce the sensitivity caused by in-office tooth bleaching: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial

Influence of pH, bleaching agents, and acid etching on surface wear of bovine enamel

Efficacy of non‐hydrogen peroxide mouthrinses on tooth whitening: An in vitro study

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