<i>In vitro</i>
 fungicidal activity of biocides against pharmaceutical environmental fungal isolates

Sandle, Tim; Vijayakumar, Rajendran; Aboody, Mohammed Saleh Al; Saravanakumar, S. S.

doi:10.1111/jam.12628

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…(20). The ndings of Sandle et al showed the MIC90 value of Benzalkonium chloride against Alternaria spp, was higher than that for other hyaline fungi (11). In the present study, Sodium hypochlorite was an effective disinfectant after 2.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 39%

“…Other disinfectants exhibited antifungal effects on dermatophyte fungi, too. Dematiaceous fungi due to melanin and sporopollenin in cell components might be involved in cellular resistance to physical and chemical agents (9), (11). They can cause invasive and systemic infections in immunocompromised patients.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Disinfection is de ned as a process that eliminates many or all pathogenic microorganisms, with the exception of corresponding spores. There are many different types of disinfectants with different spectra of activity and modes of action (11). The e cacy of disinfection is in uenced by a number of factors, like previous cleaning and the existing organic load, the type of microbial contamination, the concentration and exposure time of the germicide, and the temperature and pH of the disinfection process (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Best Commercial Chemical Disinfectant for Swimming Pools Environments Contaminated With Fungi

Badiee

Rouein

Zaravar

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Swimming pools are contaminated with different microorganisms. This study aimed to investigate the fungal contamination of the swimming pools and detect the susceptibility of the isolated fungi to routinely used disinfectants.Methods: Surface and water samples were collected from different parts of 13 indoor swimming pools. Isolated fungal species were identified based on respective colony morphology, microscopic examination, and RFLP-PCR. Susceptibilities of fungal species to common disinfectants used in swimming pools were investigated, according to M38-A and M27A3 protocols.Results: Of the 795 collected specimens, 2211 isolates from 35 fungal species were identified. The most isolated fungi were filamentous hyaline hyphomycetes (especially Aspergillus spp.), and dematiaceous (especially Cladosporium spp.), followed by Mucorales, Candida species and dermatophyte species. The most contaminated places were shoes changing and dressing rooms. Sodium hypochlorite (bleach) and chloroxylenol (Dettol) were found to be effective against all isolated fungi after 2.5 and 5 minutes, respectively. Isopropyl alcohol (Afrooz disinfectant solution) was not an effect on Aspergillus spp., dematiaceous fungi, and Candida spp. after 10 minutes’ exposure. The efficacy of hydrochloric acid (liqueur de Javel) showed the most fungicidal activity against dermatophytes at all times. Conclusions: For efficient cleaning, the disinfectant must remain on the surfaces for an appropriate period. Sodium hypochlorite was efficient antifungal activity in a shorter time for killing all species of fungi. Given the different sensitivity and resistance profile of fungi to disinfectants, regular assessment of the disinfectants used for cleaning the pools is suggested.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 39%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Best Commercial Chemical Disinfectant for Swimming Pools Environments Contaminated With Fungi

Badiee

Rouein

Zaravar

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Sandle et al . () studied the in vitro fungicidal activity of biocides against a large series of pharmaceutical environmental fungal isolates. They reported that minimum inhibitory concentrations of chlorhexidine, benzalkonium chloride and cetrimide against hyaline fungi were not more than 16 μ g/ml, while Alternaria showed >32 μ g/ml and other dematiaceous fungi fell within the range 8–16 μ g/ml.…”

Section: Virulence Factors Of Black Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of melanized (black) fungal contamination in pharmaceutical products-incidence, drug recall and control measures

2016

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Summary The aim of this study was to describe the incidence of contamination of pharmaceutical products by melanized fungi and to consider control measures in relation to bioburden and cleanrooms. This study reviews and analyses pharmaceutical product recalls and offers incidence rates of fungal detection from a typical cleanrooms. The recalls include some serious cases which resulted in the loss of life. Of different types of fungal contamination incidences some of the most damaging have been due to melanized fungi (‘black mould’), such as Exserohilum rostratum. The focus of the article is with melanized fungi. The study concludes that, from the review of recent pharmaceutical product recalls, fungal contamination is either increasingly common within cleanroom environments or the accuracy of sampling and the level of reporting has risen. The prevalence of melanized fungi in pharmaceutical facilities rests on specific virulence factors particular to these types of fungi, which are outlined. The article identifies a gap in the way that such fungi are screened for using available cultural methods. The article provides some control strategies, including assessing the suitability of disinfectants and biocides, for reducing the risk of melanized fungal incidences within the pharmaceutical facility. Understanding the fungal risk to pharmaceutical products remains a poorly understood and often overlooked aspect of pharmaceutical microbiology. This article helps to identify this risk and offer some guidance to those involved with pharmaceutical products manufacture in relation to bio‐contamination control strategies.

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“…The removal of fungal contamination from medical, pharmaceutical and associated industrial areas is of prime importance. The work presented by Sandle and colleagues (Sandle et al 2014) provides a thorough investigation into the minimum inhibitory concentrations of three biocides against a range of fungal clinical isolates over a 48 h incubation period. We feel that the testing method chosen (CLSI M38-A2 standard) was not suitable for the determination of the efficacy of biocides intended for the disinfection of surfaces related to a pharmaceutical clean room.…”

Section: Sirmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro fungicidal activity of biocides against pharmaceutical environmental fungal isolates

Rout

Humphreys

2015

J Appl Microbiol

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In vitro fungicidal activity of biocides against pharmaceutical environmental fungal isolates

Cited by 33 publications

References 22 publications

The Best Commercial Chemical Disinfectant for Swimming Pools Environments Contaminated With Fungi

The Best Commercial Chemical Disinfectant for Swimming Pools Environments Contaminated With Fungi

A review of melanized (black) fungal contamination in pharmaceutical products-incidence, drug recall and control measures

In vitro fungicidal activity of biocides against pharmaceutical environmental fungal isolates

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