In vitro immuno-modulatory ability of tryptic caseinate hydrolysate affected by prior caseinate glycation using the Maillard reaction or transglutaminase

Abstract

Caseinate was glycated by lactose and oligochitosan via the Maillard reaction and transglutaminase catalysis to yield two glycated caseinates (GC-I and GC-II), followed by trypsin hydrolysis to generate GC-I hydrolysate and GC-II hydrolysate, respectively. In comparison with caseinate hydrolysate, only GC-I hydrolysate showed decreased His, Lys, Tyr, and Val contents. All three hydrolysates in dose-dependent manner exerted in vitro immunomodulatory abilities via activating three immune cells in terms of lymphocytes, macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells, enhancing the secretion of seven cytokines in lymphocytes and macrophages, but inhibiting the secretion of one cytokine (interleukine-4) in splenocytes. However, GC-I hydrolysate and GC-II hydrolysate showed respective lower and higher immuno-modulatory abilities than caseinate hydrolysate in the most cases. Amino acid losses of GC-I hydrolysate made partially contribution to its impaired immuno-modulatory ability. It is concluded that lactose glycation and oligochitosan glycation of caseinate could lessen and enhance immuno-modulation of tryptic caseinate hydrolysate, respectively. ARTICLE HISTORY

Maillard-type glycated collagen with alginate oligosaccharide suppresses inflammation and oxidative stress by attenuating the expression of LPS receptors Tlr4 and Cd14 in macrophages

“…Treatment with lactose-glycated caseinate and glycation products generated from bovine serum albumin inhibited the phagocytic activity of macrophages. 3,32 In the present study, Fig. 3D–F and 4 show that AO-glycated collagen treatment suppressed the expression of Tlr4 , a receptor for Gram-negative bacteria, in macrophages.…”

“…1,2 Besides being a crucial mediator of inflammation, macrophages are key immune effector cells involved in both innate and acquired immune systems; they secrete various types of immune chemokines/cytokines and have phagocytic activity. 3 Studies have implicated macrophage activity in NCD development and progression. For example, in obesity-induced inflammation and NCDs, adipose tissue-secreted adipocytokines recruit macrophages, which then release proinflammatory mediators and further influence metabolic and inflammation pathways, [4][5][6] suggesting that controlling macrophage activity in the inflammation stage is necessary for effective NCD suppression.…”

Transglutaminase-Mediated Caseinate Oligochitosan Glycation Enhances the Effect of Caseinate Hydrolysate to Ameliorate the LPS-Induced Damage on the Intestinal Barrier Function in IEC-6 Cells

“…According to our previous study, caseinate was dispersed in water to reach a protein concentration of 80 g/L and adjusted to pH 7.5 using a 0.5 mol/L NaOH solution. Oligochitosan was added to the caseinate solution to receive a fixed ratio of 1:3 of the acyl donor to the oligochitosan acceptor.…”

Preparation and Evaluation of New Glycopeptides Obtained by Proteolysis from Corn Gluten Meal Followed by Transglutaminase-Induced Glycosylation with Glucosamine

“…The improvement of pea legumin and wheat gliadin solubility at their isoelectric points was achieved via TGase-induced glycosylation [7]. The immunomodulation and inhibition of Escherichia coli via TGase-induced glycosylated caseinate hydrolysates [8] and cold water fish skin gelatin [9] were also observed, respectively.…”