In vitro intestinal absorption of amino acid mixtures extracted from codfish (Gadus morhua L.) salting wastewater

Abstract

This study reports on the intestinal permeability of salt-containing mixtures of amino acids extracted from codfish salting wastewater. Permeability was evaluated in vitro using the Caco-2 cell line model; cell integrity during exposure to mixtures of amino acids was estimated by measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). The effect of salt (NaCl) on the permeability and on the intestinal cell's integrity was also examined. Permeation rate (i.e. transport) was ≥95% for all amino acids except for creatine, for which it was 6%. Values for apparent permeability coefficients, P app > 10 À5 cm s À1 , for mixture with isotonic concentration of NaCl suggest that amino acids are very likely to be absorbed in humans. Mixture with a hypertonic level of NaCl exerts a cytotoxic effect in intestinal cells resulting in a loss of epithelium integrity. Results show that isotonic mixture of amino acids extracted from codfish salting wastewater could be used in food, feed, cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations. These applications could contribute to the fish industry sustainability. Amino acid intestinal absorption V. Ferraro et al. Amino acid intestinal absorption V. Ferraro et al. Amino acid intestinal absorption V. Ferraro et al. Amino acid intestinal absorption V. Ferraro et al. Amino acid intestinal absorption V. Ferraro et al.

Impact of in Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion and Transepithelial Transport on Antioxidant and ACE-Inhibitory Activities of Brewer’s Spent Yeast Autolysate

“…The efficiency of peptide transport, expressed as percentage of permeability for each peak ( P %), was calculated according to Cinq-Mars et al as follows: where Ab and Aa correspond, respectively, to the RP-HPLC peak areas of the peptide fraction detected in the basolateral and in the apical side and V (mL) is the volume of sample loaded in the apical side. In addition to P (%), the apparent permeation coefficient ( P app ), expressed in cm/s, was calculated according to Ferraro et al from the following equation: where Q is the total amount of permeated peptides during the 180 min of the transport experiment (mg), A is the diffusion area (4.2 cm 2 ), C is the apical compartment concentration at time zero (mg/mL), and t is the time of the experiment(s).…”

“…where Ab and Aa correspond, respectively, to the RP-HPLC peak areas of the peptide fraction detected in the basolateral and in the apical side and V (mL) is the volume of sample loaded in the apical side. In addition to P(%), the apparent permeation coefficient (P app ), expressed in cm/s, was calculated according to Ferraro et al 25 from the following equation:…”

Antioxidant and Anti-hypertensive Activity, and Cytotoxicity of Amino Acids-Enriched Salt Recovered from Codfish (Gadus morhua L.) Salting Wastewater

“…5, 6). As reported by Ferraro et al [48], the high levels of NaCl in the hypertonic salt negatively affect the integrity, and then the viability, of intestinal cells, therefore was not included in the assays. Nevertheless, the presence of NaCl at isotonic concentration (9 g/L) was crucial for the preservation of the metabolic and enzymatic activity of intestinal and hepatic cells (Fig.…”