In Vitro Investigation of the Effect of Intracellular and Extracellular Magnetite Nanoparticles Subjected to Alternating Magnetic Field on MCF‐7 Human Breast Cancer Cells

Abstract

To evaluate the efficiency with which intra‐ and extracellular magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) induce cell death under an alternating magnetic field (AMF), we comparatively investigated two systems consisting of MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells and MNPs: one is a “simply‐added” system, which is essentially a simple mixture of cells and extracellular MNPs, and the other is a “pre‐cultivated” system that contains both intra‐ and extracellular MNPs. We also evaluated the effect of heating by thermostatic water bath (WB) on cell death in both systems. The degree of cell death was greater under heating with MNPs subjected to AMF than in the WB‐heating in both systems. At higher doses of MNPs, the degree of cell death was greater in the “pre‐cultivated” system than in the “simply‐added” system using both heating methods. The cellular uptake of MNPs induced slight cell damage and caused a high degree of cell death at higher temperatures. A significant decrease in cell viability was observed in the presence of internalized MNPs under the AMF and was suggested to be a result of the combined effect of intracellular heating and cellular damage by MNPs.

In Vitro Intracellular Hyperthermia of Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles, Synthesized at High Temperature by a Polyol Process

“…Before the evaluation of the MH efficiency in selectively killing cancerous cells, the influence of the AMF on cell integrity was evaluated for both cell types. No significant decrease in cellular viability was observed upon a 30 min exposure of both cell types to AMF, as reported by several research groups [72,74,77,78]. The recorded temperatures during these tests were close to 38 °C.…”

The Effect of Zn-Substitution on the Morphological, Magnetic, Cytotoxic, and In Vitro Hyperthermia Properties of Polyhedral Ferrite Magnetic Nanoparticles

“…Before the performance evaluation of the MH treatment in inducing cellular death in cancerous cells, the influence of the AMF alone was evaluated on both cell types at a frequency of 355 Hz and the intensities of 30, 45, and 60 kA/m. Following our previously published results and other results from the literature, this exposure was accompanied by a modest increase in temperature, not exceeding 0.5 • C. This temperature rise did not affect cellular viability [47,76,77]. However, when cells pre-incubated with ZnF01 and ZnF02 were exposed to the AMF, important temperature increases were noticed (Figures S6 and S7).…”

Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles attenuate cancer cells proliferation: Transmission electron microscopy analysis

“…The polymer can be seen decorating the edge of each particle as shown in the high‐magnification TEM image (Figure d). In general, the MNPs have shown the agglomerated morphology due to the magnetic nature of the particles (Nakanishi, Matsuda, Kaneko, Zhang, & Osaka, ). The individual morphology of the current NPs was due to the presence of functional groups along with MNPs.…”

“…This property of the NPs would be helpful to account the number of particles inside the treated cells. In case of agglomeration, it is difficult to judge the exact number of NPs and hence their interaction with the cell (Nakanishi et al, ).…”

“…After successful penetration of NPs, these NPs were found to be surrounded by lysosome vesicles in groups ( Figure c,d); in each group, about 3–12 particles were found in the vesicles. The morphology (individual identity) of the particles used in this study was beneficial to extract this additional information about the particle number inside the cells that were not possible in some other study (Nakanishi et al, ). We found the uneven distribution of NPs in the cells.…”