In vitro models for evaluation of periodontal wound healing/regeneration

Abstract

Periodontal wound healing and regeneration are highly complex processes, involving cells, matrices, molecules and genes that must be properly choreographed and orchestrated. As we attempt to understand and influence these clinical entities, we need experimental models to mimic the various aspects of human wound healing and regeneration. In vivo animal models that simulate clinical situations of humans can be costly and cumbersome. In vitro models have been devised to dissect wound healing/regeneration processes into discrete, analyzable steps. For soft tissue (e.g. gingival) healing, in vitro models range from simple culture of cells grown in monolayers and exposed to biological modulators or physical effectors and materials, to models in which cells are 'injured' by scraping and subsequently the 'wound' is filled with new or migrating cells, to three-dimensional models of epithelial-mesenchymal recombination or tissue explants. The cells employed are gingival keratinocytes, fibroblasts or endothelial cells, and their proliferation, migration, attachment, differentiation, survival, gene expression, matrix production or capillary formation are measured. Studies of periodontal regeneration also include periodontal ligament fibroblasts or progenitors, osteoblasts or osteoprogenitors, and cementoblasts. Regeneration models measure cellular proliferation, attachment and migration, as well as gene expression, transfer and differentiation into a mineralizing phenotype and biomineralization. Only by integrating data from models on all levels (i.e. a single cell to the whole organism) can various critical aspects of periodontal wound healing/regeneration be fully evaluated.

Highly Efficient In Vitro Reparative Behaviour of Dental Pulp Stem Cells Cultured with Standardised Platelet Lysate Supplementation

“…It is essential that DPSCs will move to the site of new skeletogenesis or during MSC-mediated tissue repair. Many migration assays are available tools for oral regeneration studies [ 44 ]. PL was also already described as efficient in promoting in vitro wound healing of dermal fibroblast [ 45 ], C2C12 mouse myoblasts [ 46 ], keratinocytes [ 47 ], and other human cells [ 48 ].…”

EMD in periodontal regenerative surgery modulates cytokine profiles: A randomised controlled clinical trial

“…Moreover, clinical reports have suggested that enamel matrix proteins lead to improved early soft tissue wound healing 7 8 . Based on these clinical observations, it has been suggested that EMD may have an effect on gingival fibroblasts; relevant cells in soft tissue wound healing 9 . The gingival connective tissue is the oral equivalent to the dermis of the skin, and the main residing fibroblast is the gingival fibroblast 10 .…”

Efficacy of Platelet Rich Fibrin in Combination With Enamel Matrix Derivative on Periodontal Tissues Regeneration in Rats.

“…(25) Techniques applied in periodontal regeneration therapy include the use of tissue barriers (membranes) and bone and/or bone substitute graft materials such as autografts, allografts, xenografts and alloplasts. (26) Periodontal regeneration still in challenges due to the unique and complex tissue structures. A new era in periodontal management using combined biological mediators to stimulate the processes required for the regeneration of periodontal tissues.…”