<i>In vitro</i>phenotypic differentiation towards commensal and pathogenic oral biofilms

Janus, Marleen M.; Keijser, Bart J. F.; Bikker, Floris J.; Exterkate, R.A.M.; Crielaard, Wim; Krom, Bastiaan P.

doi:10.1080/08927014.2015.1067887

Cited by 37 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…These results corroborate prior studies demonstrating the antifungal activity of P. aeruginosa 313536, and the frequent co-isolation of S. epidermidis and C. albicans in oral polymicrobial infections133137. Fungi are also part of the healthy oral microbiota, supporting the growth of oral anaerobes and increasing the resilience of the consortium2838. Indeed, we also found a remarkably higher relative abundance, but not differing species, of anaerobes in ETTs harbouring Candida versus those that did not.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The endotracheal tube microbiome associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus epidermidis

Hotterbeekx

Xavier

Bielen

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the commonest hospital-acquired infections associated with high mortality. VAP pathogenesis is closely linked to organisms colonizing the endotracheal tube (ETT) such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the former a common commensal with pathogenic potential and the latter a known VAP pathogen. However, recent gut microbiome studies show that pathogens rarely function alone. Hence, we determined the ETT microbial consortium co-colonizing with S. epidermidis or P. aeruginosa to understand its importance in the development of VAP and for patient prognosis. Using bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS-II sequencing on ETT biomass showing presence of P. aeruginosa and/or S. epidermidis on culture, we found that presence of P. aeruginosa correlated inversely with patient survival and with bacterial species diversity. A decision tree, using 16S rRNA and patient parameters, to predict patient survival was generated. Patients with a relative abundance of Pseudomonadaceae <4.6% and of Staphylococcaceae <70.8% had the highest chance of survival. When Pseudomonadaceae were >4.6%, age of patient <66.5 years was the most important predictor of patient survival. These data indicate that the composition of the ETT microbiome correlates with patient prognosis, and presence of P. aeruginosa is an important predictor of patient outcome.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The endotracheal tube microbiome associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus epidermidis

Hotterbeekx

Xavier

Bielen

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…This seemed to be in contrast with earlier findings, where the presence of PHS decreased the number of viable S. mutans from a 24-h biofilm by 80% [Cukkemane et al, 2015]. This may be explained by the presence of a complex EPS produced by multiple bacterial species, which could render biofilms more persistent than those build by a monoculture, as postulated elsewhere [Janus et al, 2015;Martin et al, 2016;Payne and Boles, 2016].…”

contrasting

confidence: 56%

“…However, in a previous study we have shown that while there is some variation between volunteers, this had limited consequences for the amount of biofilm formation. In the same study, it was also found that the use of either individual or pooled inocula resulted in comparable biofilm growth [Janus et al, 2015]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…The use of human saliva was approved by the institutional review board. Stimulated saliva was collected for 5 min during parafilm chewing from a single adult as previously described [Janus et al, 2015]. The donor was asked not to brush his teeth for 24 h and to abstain from any food or drink intake for at least 2 h before saliva collection.…”

Section: Phs and Inoculum Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phytosphingosine Prevents the Formation of Young Salivary Biofilms in vitro

Bikker¹,

Hoogenkamp

Malhaoui³

et al. 2017

Caries Res

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Dental biofilms are formed in a multistep process that is initiated by the adhesion of oral bacteria to the dental hard surface. As dental biofilms are associated with oral diseases their control is necessary in order to maintain oral health. Recently, it was revealed that phytosphingosine (PHS)-treated hydroxyapatite discs showed anti-adhesive activity in a static in vitro biofilm model against Streptococcus mutans. The goal of the present study was to further unravel the anti-adhesive and anti-biofilm properties of PHS in both static and dynamic in vitro biofilm models against a full salivary inoculum. After 3 h under static conditions, bacterial adherence on PHS-treated cover glass slides was reduced by 60% compared to the untreated surface. After 6 and 24 h under static conditions, no significant differences in bacterial adherence were observed between PHS-treated and untreated cover glass slides. However, under dynamic conditions, i.e., the presence of shear forces, virtually no bacterial adherence was observed for up to 16 h on PHS-coated surfaces. Besides, PHS showed a strong bactericidal activity on salivary biofilms. Treatment of a 3- and 6-h statically grown biofilm resulted in a 99 and 94% reduction of viable cells, respectively, which was effectuated within minutes. In principle, these anti-adherence and anti-biofilm properties make PHS a promising candidate ingredient for use in oral care products aimed at oral microbial control.

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“…The participants did not perform any oral hygiene measures for at least 5 h, and they did not drink or eat in the 2 h prior to saliva donation. Stimulated saliva was collected and stored, as described previously [20]. Inocula for the biofilm model were created by mixing stimulated saliva of a single volunteer at a 1:50 ratio with fresh biofilm growth medium, as described below.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of erythritol on microbial ecology of in vitro gingivitis biofilms

Janus

Volgenant

Brandt

et al. 2017

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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Gingivitis is one of the most common oral infections in humans. While sugar alcohols such as erythritol are suggested to have caries-preventive properties, it may also have beneficial effects in prevention of gingivitis by preventing maturation of oral biofilms. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of erythritol on the microbial ecology and the gingivitis phenotype of oral microcosms. Biofilms were inoculated with stimulated saliva from 20 healthy donors and grown in a gingivitis model in the continuous presence of 0 (control group), 5, and 10% erythritol. After 9 days of growth, biofilm formation, protease activity (gingivitis phenotype), and microbial profile analyses were performed. Biofilm growth was significantly reduced in the presence of erythritol, and this effect was dose dependent. Protease activity and the Shannon diversity index of the microbial profiles of the biofilms were significantly lower when erythritol was present. Microbial profile analysis revealed that presence of erythritol induced a compositional shift from periodontitis- and gingivitis-related taxa toward early colonizers. The results of this study suggest that erythritol suppresses maturation of the biofilms toward unhealthy composition. The gingivitis phenotype was suppressed and biofilm formation was reduced in the presence of erythritol. Therefore, it is concluded that erythritol may contribute to a healthy oral ecosystem in vitro.

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In vitrophenotypic differentiation towards commensal and pathogenic oral biofilms

Cited by 37 publications

References 35 publications

The endotracheal tube microbiome associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus epidermidis

The endotracheal tube microbiome associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus epidermidis

Phytosphingosine Prevents the Formation of Young Salivary Biofilms in vitro

Effect of erythritol on microbial ecology of in vitro gingivitis biofilms

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