In-vitro physicochemical characterization of a novel type of bone-defect-filling granules—BpNcCaP in comparison to deproteinized bovine bone (Bio-Oss ^®)

Abstract

As alternatives to autografts, allografts, and xenografts, calcium phosphate (CaP)-based bone-defect-filling materials (e.g., deproteinized bovine bone (DBB, Bio-Oss ® )) are widely used to repair large-volume bone defects (LVBDs) in clinic. However, most of these materials show a very low degradability due to a sintering process in their production. In this study, we synthesized a novel type of granules-biomimetically precipitated nanocrystalline calcium phosphate (BpNcCaP) by developing our previous biomimetic protocol. We evaluated the cytotoxicity of BpNcCaP by assessing the viability of L929 mouse fibroblasts using a 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. To characterize the physicochemical properties of the novel BpNcCaP granules, we first compared the morphology and composition of BpNcCaP with those of Bio-Oss ® using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). We further compared the surface area, pore size distribution, hydrophilicity behavior, and hardness of BpNcCaP with those of Bio-Oss ® granules using specific surface area, contact angle, and Vickers hardness as parameters, respectively. BpNcCaP showed no obvious cytotoxicity. In-vitro characterization data showed that BpNcCaP and Bio-Oss ® granules were both comprised of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (HAp). The Ca/P ratios of BpNcCaP and Bio-Oss ® calculated from the EDS results were 1.34 and 1.66, respectively. Hence, BpNcCaP and Bio-Oss ® were Ca-deficient HAp. Compared with Bio-Oss ® , synthetic BpNcCaP had better hydrophilicity, higher specific surface area, lower crystallinity, and hardness. These data suggested a good performance of BpNcCaP granules in clinical applications.

ECM-Mimicking Strontium-Doped Nanofibrous Microspheres for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration in Osteoporosis

“…On the other hand, it is imperative to recognize that Sr-BGNs/GNMs foster osteogenic differentiation not only through releasing Sr 2+ but also via liberating other bioactive ions such as silicon, calcium, and phosphorus. Previous studies have elucidated the synergistic interaction between strontium and silicon or calcium ions, which notably augments osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis. ,, This finding aligns with our RT-PCR outcomes, further demonstrating the cooperative effect of these ions on bone formation. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which Sr-BGNs/GNMs exert their effects in vivo include two principal aspects.…”

“…Previous studies have elucidated the synergistic interaction between strontium and silicon or calcium ions, which notably augments osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis. 7,30,31 This finding aligns with our RT-PCR outcomes, further demonstrating the cooperative effect of these ions on bone formation. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which Sr-BGNs/GNMs exert their effects in vivo include two principal aspects.…”

Metal-polyphenol networks-modified tantalum plate for craniomaxillofacial reconstruction

“…The biocompatibility of a biomaterial is affected by its surface characteristics, such as hydrophilicity and surface roughness 34 . Hydrophilicity is an important property for a bone-defect-filling material, as reported by Xu et al when they synthesized a novel type of bone graft, BpNcCaP granules 35 . They found that BpNcCaP exhibited greater hydrophilicity and a higher propensity to be wetted by bodily fluids following implantation, potentially resulting in enhanced osteoconductivity compared to deproteinized bovine bone (Bio-Oss®).…”