In Vitro Protective Effect of Phikud Navakot Extraction on Erythrocyte

Abstract

Phikud Navakot (PN), Thai herbal remedy in National List of Essential Medicines, has been claimed to reduce many cardiovascular symptoms especially dizziness and fainting. Apart from blood supply, erythrocyte morphology, in both shape and size, is one of the main consideration factors in cardiovascular diseases and may be affected by vascular oxidative stress. However, little is known about antioxidative property of PN on erythrocyte to preserve red blood cell integrity. In this study, 1,000 μM hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress was conducted on sheep erythrocyte. Three doses of PN (1, 0.5, and 0.25 mg/mL) and 10 μM of ascorbic acid were compared. The released hemoglobin absorbance was measured to demonstrate hemolysis. Electron microscopic and immunohistochemical studies were also performed to characterize dysmorphic erythrocyte and osmotic ability in relation to aquaporin- (AQP-) 1 expression, respectively. The results revealed that all doses of PN and ascorbic acid decreased the severity of dysmorphic erythrocyte, particularly echinocyte, acanthocyte, knizocyte, codocyte, clumping, and other malformations. However, the most effective was 0.5 mg/mL PN dosage. In addition, hydrostatic pressure may be increased in dysmorphic erythrocyte in association with AQP-1 upregulation. Our results demonstrated that PN composes antioxidative effect to maintain the integrity and osmotic ability on sheep erythrocyte.

Phenolic Profiling with Antioxidant Activity of Thai Traditional Medicines: Phikud Bencha Thien, Kot and Keson Remedies

“…Some previous studies have investigated herbal formulae that contain BT, BK, or BKS as ingredients and found in vitro erythrocyte protective effects, anti-inflammatory activity, and blood cholesterol lowering activity. 2,3,4,5,6 However, to our knowledge, there has been no previous study examining the chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of BT, BK and BKS. Phenolic acids and flavonoids from were the main focus of the current study due to their well-known antioxidant activity.…”

Regulatory effect of Phikud Navakot extract on HMG-CoA reductase and LDL-R: potential and alternate agents for lowering blood cholesterol

“…Moreover, the hydro-ethanolic extract of PN possesses antioxidant properties; it finds reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in human endothelial ECV304 cells more effectively than the water-extract of PN [ 4 ]. The antioxidant properties of PN also preserve the integrity and osmotic ability of red blood cells throughout the induced oxidative stress [ 5 ]. Furthermore, it is considered safe because no treatment-related mortality events have been observed among acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies in PN-fed rats [ 6 ].…”