<i>In vitro</i>sensitivity of<i>Cryphonectria parasitica</i>to six agrochemicals

González-Varela, Germán; González, Ana J.

doi:10.1071/dn07045

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…and Cham. seedlings in the nursery, and González-Varela and González [ 45 ] found that it was unable to stop C. parasitica growth at doses in the 1–16 µg·mL −1 range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holm Oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp.) Bark Aqueous Ammonia Extract for the Control of Invasive Forest Pathogens

Sánchez-Hernández

Balduque-Gil

Barriuso-Vargas

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Holm oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp.) bark is a commonly used remedy to treat gastrointestinal disorders, throat and skin infections, hemorrhages, and dysentery. It has also been previously reported that its methanol extracts possess antibacterial activity, which can be related to the richness of Quercus spp. extracts in phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids and tannins. However, there is no information on the antifungal (including oomycete) properties of the bark from Q. ilex or its subspecies (ilex and ballota). In this work, we report the characterization of the aqueous ammonia extract of its bark by FTIR and GC-MS and the results of in vitro and ex situ inhibition tests against three phytopathogens. The main phytochemical components identified were inositols (19.5%), trans-squalene (13%), 4-butoxy-1-butanol (11.4%), gulopyranose (9.6%), lyxose (6.5%), 2,4-dimethyl-benzo[H]quinoline (5.1%), catechol (4.5%), and methoxyphenols (4.2%). The efficacy of the extract in controlling forest phytopathogens was tested in vitro against Fusarium circinatum (responsible for pitch canker of Pinus spp.), Cryphonectria parasitica (which causes chestnut blight), and Phytophthora cinnamomi (which causes ‘root and crown rot’ in a variety of hosts, including Castanea, conifers, Eucalyptus, Fagus, Juglans, Quercus, etc.), obtaining EC90 values of 322, 295, and 75 μg·mL−1, respectively, much lower than those attained for a commercial strobilurin fungicide (azoxystrobin). The extract was further tested ex situ against P. cinnamomi on artificially inoculated, excised stems of ‘Garnem’ almond rootstock, attaining complete protection at a dose of 782 μg·mL−1. The results suggest that holm oak bark extract may be a promising source of bioactive compounds against invasive forest pathogens, including the oomycete that is causing its decline, the so-called ‘seca’ in Spain.

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“…and Cham. seedlings in the nursery, and González-Varela and González [ 45 ] found that it was unable to stop C. parasitica growth at doses in the 1–16 µg·mL −1 range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holm Oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp.) Bark Aqueous Ammonia Extract for the Control of Invasive Forest Pathogens

Sánchez-Hernández

Balduque-Gil

Barriuso-Vargas

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Chestnut Blight Control by Agrochemicals in Castanea sativa under Managed Conditions

2015

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Study of chemical control options against chestnut blight disease

Cheradil

Tarcali

Csüllög

et al. 2022

RARD

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Cryphonectria parasitica, the causal agent of chestnut blight, is a destructive Ascomycota fungal disease infecting European chestnut (Castanea sativa) and American chestnut (Castanea dentata) trees. On susceptible host trees, necrotic lesions (cancers) are caused by the disease on the bark of the trunk and branches. The disease leads to wilting and destruction of the chestnut trees. Protection against the pathogen is difficult. Biological control using hypovirulent strains of the pathogen is one of the best options, but its implementation requires a lot of preliminary testing, as well as compatibility between the virulent pathogen strain that infects the area and the hypovirulent strain used for treatment. Thus, this procedure is a rather complicated and slow process. Chemical control against the pathogen is not currently widespread, as its implementation is also difficult due to the large size of the trees and the nature of the forest-like plantations, and there are currently no available pesticides. At the same time, protection with chemical pesticides may be feasible in plantations in which the size of the trees allows for application (lower-sized trees or young plantations). Therefore, it is necessary to find fungicides that can be used effectively, which is the purpose of this experiment. In vitro efficacy of four chemical pesticides [Pictor (dimoxystrobin+boscalid), Amistar Sun (azoxystrobin+difenoconazole), Score 250 EC (difenoconazole), Cuproxat FW (tribasic-cooper-sulphate)] has been tested against Cryphonectria parasitica. According to the results of this experiment Score 250 EC and Amistar Sun were the most effective fungicides, given that they inhibited fungal growth even at the lowest concentrations of the test solution.

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In vitrosensitivity ofCryphonectria parasiticato six agrochemicals

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

Holm Oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp.) Bark Aqueous Ammonia Extract for the Control of Invasive Forest Pathogens

Holm Oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota (Desf.) Samp.) Bark Aqueous Ammonia Extract for the Control of Invasive Forest Pathogens

Chestnut Blight Control by Agrochemicals in Castanea sativa under Managed Conditions

Study of chemical control options against chestnut blight disease

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