<i>In vitro</i> studies with miconazole and miconazole nitrate

BackgroundCrassocephalum bauchiense is a flowering plant, found in the West Region of Cameroon. Previous studied has highlighted the antibacterial and the dermal toxicological safety as well as the immunomodulatory activities of the ethyl acetate extract of its dry leaves. As an extension of the previous researches, the current work has been undertaken to evaluate the in vitro antifungal and antioxidant activities of C. bauchiense dried leaves ethyl acetate extract and fractions.MethodsThe extract was obtained by maceration in ethyl acetate and further fractionated into six fractions labeled F1 to F6 by flash chromatography. The antifungal activity of the extract and fractions against yeasts and dermatophytes was evaluated using broth microdilution method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO) and β-carotene - linoleic acid assays.ResultsThe extract (MIC = 0.125 - 4 mg/ml) was found to be more active on dermatophytes and yeasts compared to the fractions. The ethyl acetate extract and fractions exhibited strong scavenging activity on DPPH (CI50 = 28.57 - 389.38 μg/ml). The fractions F3 and F6 expressed best antioxidant activity on DPPH radicals compared to the crude extract.ConclusionThe results of these findings clearly showed that C. bauchiense ethyl acetate extract has a significant antifungal and antioxidant activity. It is therefore a source of active compounds that might be used as antifungal and antioxidant agents.

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“…The lowest concentration of the antifungal agent from which negative growth was recorded was considered as MFC [14]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal and antioxidant activity of Crassocephalum bauchiense (Hutch.) Milne-Redh ethyl acetate extract and fractions (Asteraceae)

et al. 2014

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“…Both imidazoles were tested using the HR medium as recommended by the Pfizer Central Research Lab oratory [9] and a standard SD broth (pH 5.7) [10], with a standard tube double-dilution method (1 ml/tube). The concentrations of antibiotics used to determine MICs ranged from 0.195 to 100 pg/ml.…”

Section: Assay Media and In Vitro Susceptibility Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Culture Media on the in vitro Susceptibility of Selected Opportunistic Fungi to Fluconazole and Itraconazole

et al. 1992

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The sensitivity of 23 isolates of opportunistic fungi, Aspergillus fumigatus (5), A. flavus (5), A. niger (5), Pseudallescheria boydii (5), Alternaria alternata (2) and Xylohypha bantiana (1), was investigated against fluconazole and itraconazole, using Sabouraud’s dextrose broth (SD) and a high-resolution (HR) medium (Pfizer, Inc.). The procedure followed was a standard tube dilution (1 ml/tube) method. Candida albicans Y01 09 was included as reference strain to monitor quality and reproducibility. Results indicated that the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of fluconazole for all Aspergillus spp. and C. albicans were ≥100 μg/ml in SD medium, whereas, for P. boydi, A. alternata and X. bantiana, the MICs were 50 μg/l. The MICs of itraconazole in SD medium were < 0.195-1.56 μg/ml for the fungi tested. In HR medium, the MICs of fluconazole for the Aspergillus spp, were ≥100 μg/ml, and those for P. boydii, A. alternata and X.bantiana were 0.78,50 and 50 μg/ml, respectively. The MICs of itraconazole for all fungi ranged from < 0.198 to 0.78 μg/ml in the HR medium. The values for the reference strain were 1.56 and 100 μg/ml in the HR medium for fluconazole and itraconazole, respectively. The HR medium was more suitable for testing P. boydii against fluconazole. This culture medium did not appear to significantly affect the MICs of itraconazole as compared to those of fluconazole, for the fungi investigated.

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“…Although several in vivo studies showed the drug to be active orally (263), problems with toxicity and other side effects have limited the use of clotrimazole to topical applications. Pharmacokinetic studies in humans demonstrated a progressive decline over several days in the serum concentrations of clotrimazole after oral administration; these data supported the hypothesis of liver enzyme induction by the drug (43,141).…”

Section: Clotrimazolementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, bioavailability of the solution was greater than that of the tablet. In general, the absorption of orally administered ketoconazole varies greatly from patient to patient, as shown by Shadomy et al (267), who studied ketoconazole plasma concentrations by bioassay and high-pressure liquid chromatography techniques in patients undergoing therapy for systemic mycoses.…”

Section: Ketoconazolementioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of medically important antifungal azole derivatives

1988

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Fungal infections are a major burden to the health and welfare of modern humans. They range from simply cosmetic, non-life-threatening skin infections to severe, systemic infections that may lead to significant debilitation or death. The selection of chemotherapeutic agents useful for the treatment of fungal infections is small. In this overview, a major chemical group with antifungal activity, the azole derivatives, is examined. Included are historical and state of the art information on the in vitro activity, experimental in vivo activity, mode of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical studies, and uses and adverse reactions of imidazoles currently marketed (clotrimazole, miconazole, econazole, ketoconazole, bifonazole, butoconazole, croconazole, fenticonazole, isoconazole, oxiconazole, sulconazole, and tioconazole) and under development (aliconazole and omoconazole), as well as triazoles currently marketed (terconazole) and under development (fluconazole, itraconazole, vibunazole, alteconazole, and ICI 195,739).

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In vitro studies with miconazole and miconazole nitrate

Cited by 46 publications

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Antifungal and antioxidant activity of Crassocephalum bauchiense (Hutch.) Milne-Redh ethyl acetate extract and fractions (Asteraceae)

Antifungal and antioxidant activity of Crassocephalum bauchiense (Hutch.) Milne-Redh ethyl acetate extract and fractions (Asteraceae)

Effects of Culture Media on the in vitro Susceptibility of Selected Opportunistic Fungi to Fluconazole and Itraconazole

Overview of medically important antifungal azole derivatives

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