2018
DOI: 10.1111/ics.12455
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In vitro water resistance testing using SPF simulation based on spectroscopic analysis of rinsed sunscreens

Abstract: Despite the small discrepancy remaining between WRR values obtained from the in vitro solution method and in vivo method, which itself shows variability in results, this work provided a new insight into the in vitro testing of water resistance of sunscreens.

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Cited by 2 publications
(2 citation statements)
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“…One measure of substantivity is the water resistance test of sunscreen, which is measured by comparing the in vivo SPF values of the sunscreen‐treated area before and after immersion in water. Moreover, as a means for a rapid, inexpensive and subject‐independent evaluation of formulations and to enable the design of new sunscreen products, in vitro SPF, UVA‐PF and water resistance measurements continue to gain more interest [10–19].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…One measure of substantivity is the water resistance test of sunscreen, which is measured by comparing the in vivo SPF values of the sunscreen‐treated area before and after immersion in water. Moreover, as a means for a rapid, inexpensive and subject‐independent evaluation of formulations and to enable the design of new sunscreen products, in vitro SPF, UVA‐PF and water resistance measurements continue to gain more interest [10–19].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The three main factors used to evaluate sunscreen performance on human skin are the sun protection factor (SPF), UVA protection factor (UVA‐PF) and the substantivity [11]. Both SPF and UVA‐PF can be measured in vivo as the minimum amount of UV energy required to cause a biological endpoint (minimal erythema and persistent pigment darkening, respectively) on sunscreen‐treated skin divided by the amount of energy to cause the same effect on unprotected skin.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%