In Vivo and In Silico Assessment of the Cardioprotective Effect of Thymus linearis Extract against Ischemic Myocardial Injury

Abstract

Myocardial infarction is irreversible cardiac tissue necrosis due to the blockage of one of the arteries. It leads to an insufficient supply of oxygen and nutrients, creating muscular damage in the affected regions. In the present study, aqueous methanolic extract of Thymus linearis was prepared to evaluate its activity against ischemic stress due to free radical production. GC−MS analysis was performed to evaluate the phytochemicals present in the plant extract. A chemical database of 30 compounds was virtually screened against NF-κB, COX2, and MCL, where γ-cadinene, β-bisabolene, and β-caryophyllene were found to be the best interacting ligands. To systematically assess cardioprotective activity against ischemia, isoproterenol and doxorubicin were used to induce cardiotoxicity in rats. The prepared extract of T. linearis (100 mg/kg) was given daily to animals for 21 days before injecting isoproterenol (85 mg/kg of animal weight) subcutaneously in two doses on the 20th and 21st days. In the case of doxorubicin, cardiotoxicity was induced in rats by a single injection (15 mg/ kg) on the seventh day, and the extract was given to animals for 10 consecutive days. Animals' blood samples were used to monitor cardiac, liver, and other marker enzymes, including LDH, CPK, and AST. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also assayed in blood plasma to determine the degree of oxidative stress. H&E staining was performed to evaluate cardioprotection by plant extract, showing significant preventive effects in reducing cardiac injury induced by isoproterenol and doxorubicin.

Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Evaluation of Amoxicillin after Solubility Enhancement Using the Spray Drying Technique

“…After 10 min of drug administration, the animals were provided with standard food and water throughout the trial of 24 h. After dosing, blood samples (3 mL) were collected from the jugular vein of each rabbit at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h into heparin tubes (Leo, Denmark) . Samples were centrifuged at 6000 g for 5 min.…”

“…G II: Rabbits treated with T2 (7.14 mg kg −1 ) G III: Rabbits treated with T5 (7.14 mg kg −1 ) After 10 min of drug administration, the animals were provided with standard food and water throughout the trial of 24 h. After dosing, blood samples (3 mL) were collected from the jugular vein of each rabbit at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h into heparin tubes (Leo, Denmark). 47 Samples were centrifuged at 6000g for 5 min. Plasma samples were separated by taking a supernatant layer and accumulated in capped test tubes sealed with aluminum foil and labeled accordingly.…”

Chemical Characterization, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxicity and in Silico Studies of Hexane Extract and Essential Oils from Citrus limon Leaves

“…[11,12] Nowadays, modern bioinformatic tools and protocols, such as molecular modeling and docking, provide an understanding of how various ligands may interact with the target proteins at the molecular level. [13] In this research, molecular docking has helped us to elucidate the binding mechanism of essential oil phytoconstituents with key bacterial enzymes. [14] The presence of antioxidants in essential oils isolated from Acca sellowiana leaves and stems also suggest their medicinal potential for anti-aging.…”

“…The literature survey shows that essential oils have greater biological activities due to the synergistic or additive effects of their compounds [11,12] . Nowadays, modern bioinformatic tools and protocols, such as molecular modeling and docking, provide an understanding of how various ligands may interact with the target proteins at the molecular level [13] . In this research, molecular docking has helped us to elucidate the binding mechanism of essential oil phytoconstituents with key bacterial enzymes [14] .…”