In Vivo Comparison of the Biodistribution and long-term Fate of Colloids – Gold Nanoprisms and Nanorods – With Minimum Surface Modification

Abstract

Aim: To study the difference in biodistribution of gold nanoprisms (NPr) and nanorods (NR), PEGylated to ensure colloidal stability. Materials & methods: Surface changes were studied for nanoparticles in different media, while the biodistribution was quantified and imaged in vivo. Results: Upon interaction with the mouse serum, NR showed more abrupt changes in surface properties than NPr. In the in vivo tests, while NPr accumulated similarly in the spleen and liver, NR showed much higher gold presence in the spleen than in liver; together with some accumulation in kidneys, which was nonexistent in NPr. NPr were cleared from the tissues 2 months after administration, while NR were more persistent. Conclusion: The results suggest that the differential biodistribution is caused by size-/shape-dependent interactions with the serum.

In Vivo Pharmacokinetics, Biodistribution and Toxicity of Antibody-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles in Healthy Mice

“…After sequestration in the liver and spleen, AuNPs-PAA-Ctxb showed a long-term retention, with their concentration significantly decreasing only after 6 months. This indicates a slow elimination process, which has also been reported by several other long-term biodistribution studies [21,25,[55][56][57]. In addition, it was reported that negatively charged particles were retained for slightly longer in the liver and spleen, and were eliminated more slowly compared to positively or neutrally charged particles [25,51].…”

“…Interestingly, although 97% of the injected AuNPs-PAA-Ctxb were cleared from the blood after 6 h, an increasing trend in gold concentration was observed in the liver and spleen for up to 72 h post-injection. Comparable results were obtained with PEGylated AuNPs of different sizes (6.2 nm-61.2 nm) or with different shapes (rods and triangles) reaching maximum gold concentrations in the liver and spleen between 24 h and 6 days post-injection [54,55]. This increase could potentially be attributed to a gradual redistribution of AuNPs-PAA-Ctxb from other tissues to the liver and spleen [22].…”

“…Sadauskas et al investigated what happens to negatively charged 40 nm AuNPs in the liver and revealed that they were clustered inside endosomelike vesicles in long-living Kupffer cells, over a period of 6 months, and that damaged cells were cleared by new or nearby Kupffer cells [56]. The presence of PEGylated AuNPs in intracellular vesicles was also confirmed in splenic macrophages [15,55]. In addition, a recent study demonstrated that the depletion of Kupffer cells greatly improved the elimination efficiency of PEGylated AuNPs.…”

Labelling of human Wharton's jelly‐derived mesenchymal stem cells with gold nanorods by biomimicry method

“…This amount was comparable to results obtained by other methods. [35][36][37] Results of the current study showed that GNRs were not toxic to the cells below 10 14 NR/mL (P > .05). Previous studies also demonstrated no significant differences in functional capacity (viability, proliferation, and differentiation) between unlabelled and GRNs-labelled cells.…”

Next-generation engineered nanogold for multimodal cancer therapy and imaging: a clinical perspectives

“…It was found that among different types of AuNPs (such as nanorods, nanostars, and nanocubes), Au nanoprisms (AuNPrs) possess the highest photothermal conversion efficiency [ 42 , 43 ], and are easily internalized in the cells compared to AuNRs [ 44 ]. In addition, AuNPrs are beneficial for long-term biosafety as they can be removed from the tissue faster than smaller AuNRs [ 45 ].…”