“…16 The topical cationic nanoparticles (TNP) were prepared with 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE; Avanti Polar Lipids, Alabaster, AL, USA), 25 mg g À1 , purified phosphatidylcholine from soybean lecithin 25 mg g À1 , and the 16-3-16 gemini surfactant 10 mg g À1 formulation, an in-house synthesized amino acid derivative (PDM 27) 10 mg g À1 , propylene glycol 70 mg g À1 and a-tocopherol as an antioxidant. The applied dose was 100 mg plasmid per 100 mg formulation per cm 2 skin area.…”