123 I FP-CIT is a radiotracer that is used in conjunction with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scanning to detect dopaminergic neuron presynaptic terminal degeneration, in the striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen) of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), showing a reduced uptake of this ligand by the dopamine transporters (DaT). This is a licensed diagnostic test in Europe (as DaTSCAN) and in the USA (as DaTscan). Recent work on functional imaging in PD and DLB largely uses the FP-CIT SPECT approach, and this is the focus of our paper, whilst noting that other ligands (e.g. beta-CIT) and imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) have been used in similar settings.