In Vivo Effect of an Immunostimulating Bacterial Lysate on Human B Lymphocytes

Abstract

The aim of the present study is to investigate in humans the mechanism by which the oral vaccine Polyvalent Mechanical Bacterial Lysate (PMBL) can rapidly mobilize specific immune response and evaluate the efficacy of its immunostimulating activity in preventing recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract (URTIs) in a group of patients with a medical history of URTI recurrence. Patients received, by sublingual route, PBML, an immunostimulating lysate obtained by mechanical lysis of the most common bacteria responsible for upper respiratory tract infections. The treatment was administered for 10 consecutive days/month for 3 consecutive months. After the end of the treatment period the patients were followed up for an additional 3 months. The frequency of IgM memory B cells and the expression of the activation marker CD25 in peripheral blood lymphocytes were measured using the flow cytometric method before the start and at days 30 and 90 of the treatment cycle. To correlate clinical results to immunological parameters, the patients were monitored at different time-points during the treatment and at the end of follow-up period. The results showed that PMBL exerts a therapeutic and preventing effect in acute and recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract and that this effect correlated with the activation and enhancement of both IgM memory B lymphocytes (CD24+/CD27+ cells) and IL2 receptor-expressing lymphocytes (CD25+ cells) involved either in humoral or cellular immunity.Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are among the most common diseases in developed countries. They represent an important health problem and have a relevant incidence on economic and social impacts.Critical factors that determine the severity of respiratory infections include the strain of the pathogen, specific virulence factors of the pathogen and also the host's immunological defence response. For example, contributing to the increased incidence of infection with age is the well-described decline of immune response, both the B cell protective antibody response and cellular immune responses (1). It has been described that an increased frequency and severity of infections by encapsulated bacteria is the first and most important symptom ofprimary B-cell immunodeficiencies (2). In addition, these infections are 20-100 times more

Possibilities of Immunostimulating Therapy in Respiratory Infections of Upper Respiratory Tracts

“…Кроме того, пероральное введение ПМБЛ привело к значительному повышению индукции синтеза цитоки-нов (ИЛ-2, ИЛ-4, ИЛ-10, интер ферона-γ) в иммунокомпе-тентных клетках, которые инициируют и регулируют иммунный ответ [5]. Было также доказано, что перораль-ное применение ПБЛ значительно стимулировало про-дукцию CD4+-и CD8+-Т-клеток, специфических подтипов В-клеток, так называемых В-лимфо цитов памяти (CD24+-/CD27+-клетки), ИЛ-2-рецептор экспрессирую-щих лимфоцитов (CD25+-клетки) [5][6][7][8]. Недав ние иссле-дования на лабораторных животных предо ста вили доказательства, что пероральное введение ПБЛ приво-дит к уменьшению аллергического воспаления дыха-тельных путей [9].…”

Antibiotic stewardship challenges in the management of community-acquired infections for prevention of escalating antibiotic resistance

“…However, positive outcomes have been observed using bacterial lysates to promote immunostimulation as a method to prevent infection [78], or bacterial interference to suppress pathogenic bacteria in an attempt to reduce antibiotic use [79].…”

May We Strengthen the Human Natural Defenses with Bacterial Lysates?

“…15 Furthermore, another study 16 demonstrated that this PMBL had several immunologic effects consisting in: The same study group analyzed the effect, in vivo, of the PMBL (orally administrated) in preventing recurrent infec-tions of the upper respiratory tract (URTIs) in a group of patients with a medical history of URTI recurrence. 17 Clinical results were correlated to the levels of IgM memory B cells and the expression of the activation marker CD25 in peripheral blood lymphocytes using the flow cytometric method, before and at 1 and 3 months after the treatment. PMBL have shown to exert a therapeutic and preventing effect in acute and recurrent infections of the upper airways, which is significantly correlated with the activation and enhancement of both IgM memory B lymphocytes (CD24 ϩ /CD27 ϩ cells) and IL-2 receptor-expressing lymphocytes (CD25 ϩ cells) involved either in humoral or cellular immunity.…”