In vivo evidence of intestinal lead dissolution from lead dioxide (PbO₂) nanoparticles and resulting bioaccumulation and toxicity in medaka fish

Abstract

Nanoscale lead (Pb) dioxide particles (nPbO2) are a newly identified corrosion product formed inside lead-bearing pipes or lead-containing faucets in drinking water distribution systems.

Synthesis, Characterization, Applications, and Toxicity of Lead Oxide Nanoparticles

“…Nanoscale lead dioxide particles (nPbO 2 ) formed inside lead-bearing pipes or lead-containing faucets in drinking water distribution systems can release toxic lead ions, causing drinking water contamination. Ng et al [55] used adult medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) as an in vivo model to investigate the bioavailability and toxicity of nPbO 2 in an intact animal. Both types of PbO 2 particles, nanoscale [nPbO 2 ] and microscale bulk [bPbO 2 ], were chemically stable in dechlorinated tap water with low water solubility.…”

Characterization of Fe-Containing and Pb-Containing Nanoparticles Resulting from Corrosion of Plumbing Materials in Tap Water Using a Hyphenated ATM-DMA-spICP-MS System

“…Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used in industrial processes and consumer products and can be released into the environment. , They can absorb, coprecipitate, or trap other contaminants and change their fate and transport in the environment . The unique physical and chemical properties of metallic NPs resulting from their nanoscale size and large surface area to volume ratio could make them more toxic. , It has been reported that metallic NPs may damage the cell membrane, disrupt DNA replication and ATP production, alternate microbial gene expressions, and cause embryonic fatality in fish. − Different metallic NPs have been found in wastewater treatment plants, rivers, and lakes. − Metallic NPs can also be found in tap water due to the corrosion of plumbing materials and can enter the human body via drinking water consumption. − Specifically, the presence of lead-containing NPs in tap water due to the corrosion of aged lead pipes and lead-containing plumbing materials in the distribution system has aroused public concern. , Analytical methods that can comprehensively characterize metallic NPs in tap water are crucial in monitoring their presence and developing treatment strategies to control their release.…”

Considerations for bioaccumulation studies in fish with nanomaterials

“…passive uptake vs. possible NM's active receptor mediated uptake, equilibrium behaviour vs. NMs non-equilibrium behaviour, first order kinetics vs. NMs unique biokinetics) (Handy et al, 2012(Handy et al, , 2022. Testing NMs also introduces new challenges related to analytical constraints and possible biotransformations which makes defining NM bioaccumulation potential more challenging (Ng et al, 2019). Experimentally derived BCF values that have been previously reported for NMs, according to past reviewed information (i.e.…”