In vivohistology: optical biopsies with chemical contrast using clinical multiphoton/coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering tomography

Abstract

The majority of existing coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) imaging systems are still huge and complicated laboratory systems and neither compact nor user-friendly nor mobile medically certified CARS systems. We have developed a new flexible multiphoton/CARS tomograph for imaging in a clinical environment. The system offers exceptional 360° flexibility with a very stable setup and enables label free ‘in vivo histology’ with chemical contrast within seconds. It can be completely operated by briefly trained non-laser experts. The imaging capability and flexibility of the novel in vivo tomograph are shown on optical biopsies with subcellular resolution and chemical contrast of patients suffering from psoriasis and squamous cell carcinoma.

Multimodal Imaging Spectroscopy of Tissue

“…One step further, such compact devices might either be completely miniaturized which would be a challenging attempt with respect to CARS or they can be equipped with flexible probes. The latter has recently been realized by Weinigel et al (132) providing a multiphoton/CARS tomograph with 360 • flexibility. This device is an advancement of the previously described MPTflex tomograph.…”

Principles and applications of Raman spectroscopy in pharmaceutical drug discovery and development

“…Raman spectroscopy has also been used to detect human papillomavirus at an early stage of infection, thereby providing the correct medical indication at the right time [109]. It has also been used to diagnose gastric cancer by coupling it with endoscopy [110].Weinigel et al used clinical multiphoton/coherent anti-Stokes--Raman scattering tomography for studying healthy human skin and skin affected by diseases such as psoriasis and squamous cell carcinoma [111]. Diem et al discussed the use of Raman spectroscopy for detection of metastases in lymph nodes, squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinomas, brain tumors and brain metastases by studying the histopathology of tissues [112].…”

Hydrogen bound water profiles in the skin influenced by optical clearing molecular agents—Quantitative analysis using confocal Raman microscopy

“…Currently, a large amount of optical methods and techniques such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) , confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) , Raman and coherent anti‐Stokes Raman spectroscopies (RS and CARS) , laser scanning microscopy , multiphoton tomography (MPT) , including CARS tomography , laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) and so on have been implemented for noninvasive skin diagnostics in dermatology and cosmetology. However, all of these optical techniques have a critical limitation associated with the limited penetration depth caused by strong light scattering of the SC, living epidermis and dermis .…”