<i>In vivo</i> three‐dimensional imaging of plants with optical coherence microscopy

Reeves, Aaron; Parsons, Ronald L.; Hettinger, James W.; Medford, June I.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2818.2002.01086.x

Cited by 43 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The OCM technique provides real-time imaging for visualization of the internal structure of plants. The method is intended for image acquisition with submicron resolution at depths up to a few millimeters, which is sufficient to visualize the whole cross-section of a leaf (Reeves et al, 2002;Sapozhnikova et al, 2004). Woundinduced changes in the leaf blade were assessed using the Thorlabs' OCM1300SS Swept Source OCT Microscope System (USA).…”

Section: Optical Coherence Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

The mechanism of propagation of variation potentials in wheat leaves

Vodeneev¹,

Orlova

Morozova³

et al. 2012

Journal of Plant Physiology

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Section: Optical Coherence Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

The mechanism of propagation of variation potentials in wheat leaves

Vodeneev¹,

Orlova

Morozova³

et al. 2012

Journal of Plant Physiology

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“…Optical coherence microscopy (OCM, also known as optical coherence tomography (OCT)) is a novel imaging technique which permits the acquisition of tomographic images with high resolution ($15 lm in three dimensions) and a high dynamic range (>100 dB). Reeves and Parsons [38] have applied OCM to visualise the cellular and subcellular structures within intact Arabidopsis plants (including leaves, flowers, ovules and seeds).…”

Section: Materials Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of bast fibres and their composites. Part 2 – Composites

Summerscales

Dissanayake

Virk

et al. 2010

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

252

165

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a b s t r a c tBast fibres are defined as those obtained from the outer cell layers of the stems of various plants. The fibres find use in textile applications and are increasingly being considered as reinforcements for polymer matrix composites as they are perceived to be ''sustainable". The fibres are composed primarily of cellulose which potentially has a Young's modulus of $140 GPa (being a value comparable with man-made aramid [Kevlar/Twaron] fibres). The plants which are currently attracting most interest are flax and hemp (in temperate climates) or jute and kenaf (in tropical climates). Part 2 of this review will consider the prediction of the properties of natural fibre reinforced composites, manufacturing techniques and composite materials characterisation using microscopy, mechanical, chemical and thermal techniques. The review will close with a brief overview of the potential applications and the environmental considerations which might expedite or constrain the adoption of these composites.Ó 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Prediction of mechanical propertiesThe elastic modulus of a composite material can normally be predicted using the standard rule-of-mixtures (Eq. (1)) [1]:where g l is the fibre length distribution factor, g o is the fibre orientation distribution factor, E f is the elastic modulus of the fibre (Vincent [2] has estimated a modulus of up to 140 Gpa for cellulose fibres), E m is the elastic modulus of the matrix, V f is the fibre volume fraction and V m is the matrix volume fraction (assuming V f + V m = 1, i.e. no voids or other inclusions). At this stage in the review, we have neglected the void which occurs within the fibre on the expectation that it will not influence the above. There is an interdependency within V f E f given that the fibre cross-section and modulus could be calculated on the gross area or the net area after taking the lumen into consideration. The previous assumption would then become V f + V m + V v + V l = 1, where V v is the volume fraction of voids in the matrix and at the interface and V l is the volume fraction of lumen as a proportion of the whole composite. Effect of voidsMadsen et al. [3] have developed a model to predict the volumetric composition (volume fractions of fibres, matrix and porosity) and density of composites as a function of the fibre weight fraction. The model is particularly aimed at plant fibre composites, but is also valid for all other composites. The porosity is initially divided into three parts associated with the fibre, the interface and the matrix. Madsen et al. [4] have presented a modified rule-ofmixtures to include the influence of porosity on the composite stiffness. The model (Eq. (2)) integrates the volumetric composition of the composites with their mechanical properties.where V p is the volume fraction of porosity derived from weight fractions of the other components and n is a porosity efficiency exponent quantifying the effect of porosity which gives rise to stress concentrations in the composites. When n = 0,...

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“…Significant application of OPT will be to provide quantitative morphometric data for models of growth and development. Another type of optical tomography, optical coherence tomography, is used to produce 3D images of specimens based on imaging of reflected light and has been used to make images in highly scattering samples, such as seeds (Hettinger et al, 2000;Reeves et al, 2002).…”

Section: Optical Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

New Technologies for 21st Century Plant Science

Ehrhardt

Frommer

2012

Plant Cell

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Plants are one of the most fascinating and important groups of organisms living on Earth. They serve as the conduit of energy into the biosphere, provide food, and shape our environment. If we want to make headway in understanding how these essential organisms function and build the foundation for a more sustainable future, then we need to apply the most advanced technologies available to the study of plant life. In 2009, a committee of the National Academy highlighted the "understanding of plant growth" as one of the big challenges for society and part of a new era which they termed "new biology." The aim of this article is to identify how new technologies can and will transform plant science to address the challenges of new biology. We assess where we stand today regarding current technologies, with an emphasis on molecular and imaging technologies, and we try to address questions about where we may go in the future and whether we can get an idea of what is at and beyond the horizon.We believe that the major three challenges for humankind in the 21st century are food, energy, and the environment, including climate change and environmental degradation due to pollution and habitat loss. In a word: sustainability. Plant life plays an essential role in all three of these sustainability challenges. All of our food and the majority of our energy are produced by photosynthetic plants. Plants are major players in determining our climate, and agricultural expansion is a major factor in habitat encroachment and pollution of waterways by fertilizer application and runoff. Furthermore, these issues are not independent; as the climate changes, additional challenges are placed on plant performance and, thus, food supply and habitat. Research on plants is needed to provide solutions to these major challenges.The fundamental biology of plants is similar to our own; they use the same genetic code, share many homologous genes, and even many regulatory mechanisms, basic biochemical pathways, and fundamental processes in cell biology. However, their form and lifestyle are fundamentally different. Plants can reach individual life spans of up to 5000 years; they can obtain adequate nutrition from the air and soil and survive adverse environmental conditions and attacks from pests, pathogens, and herbivores, despite remaining rooted in one spot for their lifetime. Plants are master chemists and can defend themselves with an incredible arsenal of chemicals. Many plants do not have a determinate body plan; a single genome is capable of producing an enormous range of size and form. Thus, plants are also valuable basic research objects since we can learn fundamental principles that are shared with humans and at the same time learn how different wiring can create such fundamental differences in form, biochemistry, and function.While some of the richest ideas in the life sciences have been developed without application of specialized technology (the theory of natural selection and evolution stands out as a prime example), technology is mo...

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In vivo three‐dimensional imaging of plants with optical coherence microscopy

Cited by 43 publications

References 48 publications

The mechanism of propagation of variation potentials in wheat leaves

The mechanism of propagation of variation potentials in wheat leaves

A review of bast fibres and their composites. Part 2 – Composites

New Technologies for 21st Century Plant Science

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