<i>In Vivo</i>Whole-Cell Recording of Odor-Evoked Synaptic Transmission in the Rat Olfactory Bulb

Cang, Jianhua; Isaacson, Jeffry S.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-10-04108.2003

Cited by 273 publications

(354 citation statements)

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“…With a 10-fold increase in odorant concentration, the odorant's representation in the APC typically expanded to include a larger number of neurons that were increased in density and extended over a larger proportion of the APC. These changes presumably reflect effects of increased odorant concentration on the olfactory epithelium and bulb, including the recruitment of additional ORs (14), sensory neurons (22), and bulb glomeruli (24,26,27) into the odor response as well as increases in the firing of sensory neurons (53) and bulb projection neurons (54).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Odor maps in the olfactory cortex

Zou

Buck

2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In the olfactory system, environmental chemicals are deconstructed into neural signals and then reconstructed to form odor perceptions. Much has been learned about odor coding in the olfactory epithelium and bulb, but little is known about how odors are subsequently encoded in the cortex to yield diverse perceptions. Here, we report that the representation of odors by fixed glomeruli in the olfactory bulb is transformed in the cortex into highly distributed and multiplexed odor maps. In the mouse olfactory cortex, individual odorants are represented by subsets of sparsely distributed neurons. Different odorants elicit distinct, but partially overlapping, patterns that are strikingly similar among individuals. With increases in odorant concentration, the representations expand spatially and include additional cortical neurons. Structurally related odorants have highly related representations, suggesting an underlying logic to the mapping of odor identities in the cortex

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Odor maps in the olfactory cortex

Zou

Buck

2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…These two types of integration may serve different functions. "Fast" inhibition is certainly involved in ␥ oscillations, whereas "slow" inhibition might for instance strengthen ␤ or oscillations or both reported by others (Buonviso et al, 2003;Cang and Isaacson, 2003;Margrie and Schaefer, 2003).…”

Section: Bulbar Inhibitory Interneurons Endowed With Unique Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…In line with this, a recent study implicated gap junctions between granule cells in the synchronization underlying ␥ oscillations (Friedman and Strowbridge, 2003), yet it is uncertain whether this plays a major role in the oscillations observed here because isolating granule cell spines from their somata did not impair field oscillations. Supporting the notion that granule cell firing might not be required for the induced oscillations is the recent work showing that granule cells have very few action potentials and adapt quickly after the first odor presentation (Cang and Isaacson, 2003). Furthermore, anatomical data on electrical coupling between granule cells are still controversial (Reyher et al, 1991;Paternostro et al, 1995;Kosaka and Kosaka, 2003) and functional evidence is still lacking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay between Local GABAergic Interneurons and Relay Neurons Generates γ Oscillations in the Rat Olfactory Bulb

Lagier¹,

Carleton²,

Lledo³

2004

J. Neurosci.

243

223

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Olfactory stimuli have been known for a long time to elicit oscillations in olfactory brain areas. In the olfactory bulb (OB), odors trigger synchronous oscillatory activity that is believed to arise from the coherent and rhythmic discharges of large numbers of neurons. These oscillations are known to take part in encoding of sensory information before their transfer to higher subcortical and cortical areas. To characterize the cellular mechanisms underlying ␥ (30 -80 Hz) local field potential (LFP) oscillations, we simultaneously recorded multiunit discharges, intracellular responses, and LFP in rat OB slices. We showed that a single and brief electrical stimulation of olfactory nerve elicited LFP oscillations in the mitral cell body layer lasting Ͼ1 sec. Both action potentials and subthreshold oscillations of mitral/tufted cells, the bulbar output neurons, were precisely synchronized with LFP oscillations. This synchronization arises from the interaction between output neurons and granule cells, the main population of local circuit inhibitory interneurons, through dendrodendritic synapses. Interestingly enough, the synchronization exerted by reciprocal synaptic interactions did not require action potentials initiated in granule cell somata. Finally, local application of a GABA A receptor antagonist at the mitral cell and external plexiform layers confirmed the exclusive role of the granule cell reciprocal synapses in generating the evoked oscillations. We concluded that interneurons located in the granule cell layer generate synaptic activity capable of synchronizing activity of output neurons by interacting with both their subthreshold and spiking activity.

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“…Oscillations of membrane potential and neuronal firing patterns of mitral and tuft cells in the olfactory bulb are regulated by the frequency of respiration [39]. Studies show that the membrane potential of these cells oscillate in synchrony with respiration, in the presence and absence of an odor stimulus [40,41].…”

Section: Influence Of Respiratory Rhythm On Olfactory Neuronal Firingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widespread depolarization during expiration: A source of respiratory drive?

Jerath¹,

Crawford²,

Barnes

et al. 2015

Medical Hypotheses

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a b s t r a c tRespiration influences various pacemakers and rhythms of the body during inspiration and expiration but the underlying mechanisms are relatively unknown. Understanding this phenomenon is important, as breathing disorders, breath holding, and hyperventilation can lead to significant medical conditions. We discuss the physiological modulation of heart rhythm, blood pressure, sympathetic nerve activity, EEG, and other changes observed during inspiration and expiration. We also correlate the intracellular mitochondrial respiratory metabolic processes with real-time breathing and correlate membrane potential changes with inspiration and expiration. We propose that widespread minor hyperpolarization occurs during inspiration and widespread minor depolarization occurs during expiration. This depolarization is likely a source of respiratory drive. Further knowledge of intracellular and extracellular ionic changes associated with respiration will enhance our understanding of respiration and its role as a modulator of cellular membrane potential. This could expand treatment options for a wide range of health conditions, such as breathing disorders, stress-related disorders, and further our understanding of the Hering-Breuer reflex and respiratory sinus arrhythmia.Ó 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. IntroductionIn addition to gas exchange and oxygenation of the blood, respiration in the lungs can regulate multiple physiological processes throughout the body. Studies of the cardiovascular system, the peripheral nervous system, and the central nervous system provide evidence that respiratory patterns can exert a significant and immediate influence on a wide range of bodily functions, including changes in blood pressure and sympathovagal balance. Patterned respiration can regulate blood pressure and heart rate [1], as well as regulate rhythmic centers of the brain that control cardiovascular output [2,3]. While the majority of these findings have demonstrated the impact of respiration on cardiac output and other processes in isolated preparations, little work has focused on respiration's direct influence on membrane potential.This article reviews the current understanding of respiration as a regulator of cardiovascular physiology and nervous system function. More specifically, we discuss the role of respiratory rhythm and rate on both systemic and local control of these systems. We describe the role of pulmonary stretch receptors (with a focus on slowly adapting receptors) in converting breathing patterns into a functional, multi-faceted, mechanism that allows respiration to communicate with, and direct various aspects of cardiovascular and nervous system physiology. We propose a hypothesis in which inspiration and expiration are associated with transient increases and decreases in membrane potential that may underlie these widespread changes and how these membrane potential changes may underlie the chaotic dynamics of rhythmic breathing.Many studies focus on the brainstem as the primary modulator of resp...

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In VivoWhole-Cell Recording of Odor-Evoked Synaptic Transmission in the Rat Olfactory Bulb

Cited by 273 publications

References 50 publications

RETRACTED: Odor maps in the olfactory cortex

RETRACTED: Odor maps in the olfactory cortex

Interplay between Local GABAergic Interneurons and Relay Neurons Generates γ Oscillations in the Rat Olfactory Bulb

Widespread depolarization during expiration: A source of respiratory drive?

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