“…QN is the main active ingredient in drugs used to treat malaria, and it also has analgesic, antipyretic, and antiinflammatory properties. , In addition, QN is utilized as a flavoring agent and provides bitterness in soft drinks. , QD is the enantiomer of QN, which can also be employed in the treatment of malaria and arrhythmias in clinical applications. Excessive use of QN and QD can cause many side effects, such as nausea, headache, asthma, kidney failure, and nerve and cardiovascular damage. − Up to now, some methods for determining QN and QD are high-performance liquid chromatography, , chemiluminescence, , atomic absorption spectrometry, , and electrochemical analysis. , Nevertheless, these analytical methods are not very effective in distinguishing two enantiomers and have the disadvantages of high cost, complex preconditioning, and time consumption. Therefore, a quick, convenient, and economical detection method is necessary but challenging in the field of monitoring QN and QD.…”