<i>Isospora belli</i> Infection: Observation of Unicellular Cysts in Mesenteric Lymphoid Tissues of a Brazilian Patient with AIDS and Animal Inoculation

Frenkel, J. K.; Silva, Márcia Benedita de Oliveira; Saldanha, João Carlos; Silva, Mario Leon de; Filho, V Dalmo Correia; Barata, Cristina Hueb; Lages, Eliane; Ramı́rez, Luı́s Eduardo; Prata, Áluízio

doi:10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00686.x

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This observation is in line with that made on black siskins by Giacomo et al (1997). Susceptibility to infection may be associated with decreased immune responsiveness (Certad et al, 2003;Frenkel et al, 2003) and/or long distance migrations of these animals (Giacomo et al, 1997). Since sparrows are one of the most common birds to live in close association with humans, Isospora spp.…”

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confidence: 86%

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Study on the species-specificity of Isospora michaelbakeri by experimental infection

Kc¹,

Fp³

et al. 2007

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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Isospora michaelbakeri is one of the Isospora species most commonly found in the wild field, which can cause severe infection and mortality in young sparrows. In this study, we selected I. michaelbakeri (Chung Hsing strain) as a pathogen to orally inoculate russet sparrows (Passer rutilans), spotted munia (Lonchura punctulata), canary (Serinus canaria), Java sparrows (Padda oryzivora), chicken (Gallus domesticus), ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and BALB/c mice. The results indicated that I. michaelbakeri infected only russet sparrows. Infected sparrows displayed lethargy, muscular weakness and fluffy feathers, followed by rapid death. Liver and spleen enlargement was seen in the infected birds. Schizonts were identified in thin smears from the venous blood, enlarged livers and spleens. Histopathological examination revealed schizonts and merozoites from the liver and spleen of infected russet sparrows, but not from other species experimentally inoculated with I. michaelbakeri in the present study.

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confidence: 86%

“…Isospora spp. infections have also been observed in pigs (Bach et al, 2003), dogs (Ho et al, 2006) and cats (Huh et al, 1993) as well as in humans (Certad et al, 2003;Frenkel et al, 2003). Previous studies have indicated that sparrows parasitised by Isospora spp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Study on the species-specificity of Isospora michaelbakeri by experimental infection

Kc¹,

Fp³

et al. 2007

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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“…Although in that study it was not possible to correlate the restriction profiles with the clinical manifestations of the patients, the results obtained demonstrate the occurrence of different genotypes infecting humans and open perspectives for the discovery of different routes of transmission of cystoisosporosis. FRENKEL et al 9 suggested a facultatively heteroxenous life cycle for this species, with the formation of extraintestinal tissue cysts in intermediate and/or paratenic hosts. As observed for cryptosporidiosis, the presence of anthropozoonotic transmission would explain the presence of this infection in areas with good sanitary conditions.…”

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confidence: 95%

Prevalence and genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. and Cystoisospora belli in HIV-infected patients

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Cabrine-Santos

et al. 2013

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYCryptosporidium spp. and Cystoisospora belli are monoxenic protozoa that have been recognized as the causative agents of chronic diarrhea in immunocompromised individuals, especially HIV-infected subjects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of these intestinal protozoa in HIV-positive patients in the Triângulo Mineiro region of Brazil and to correlate the presence of these infections with clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data of the patients. Oocysts were detected in stool samples of 10 (16.9%) of the 59 patients studied, while Cryptosporidium spp. were present in 10.1% (6/59) and C. belli in 6.7% (4/59). The frequency of these parasites was higher among patients with diarrheic syndrome and CD4 + T lymphocyte counts < 200 cells/ mm 3 , demonstrating the opportunistic characteristic of these infections. A significant association was observed between the lack of adherence to antiretroviral therapy and the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. and/or C. belli. Parasitism with Cryptosporidium spp. was more frequent in February and April, the months following the period of high rainfall. The same was not observed for C. belli. Genetic characterization of two isolates led to the identification of Cryptosporidium parvum, one of the main species associated with the zoonotic transmission of cryptosporidiosis.

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“…Although the adherence to therapy could be questioned in some patients, it was excellent in others who were under direct observed therapy. As exogenic reinfestation is probably very rare in France, endogenic reinfestation could be suspected in some of these patients, because of the persistence of intraenterocyte merozoites, and potential extra-intestinal locations of the parasite on which anti-infectious treatment could be less effective [21,22]. Another explanation could be the selection of resistance to cotrimoxazole, but this hypothesis could not be tested as I. belli cannot be cultivated in vitro and has not yet been sequenced.…”

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confidence: 99%

Isosporiasis in patients with HIV infection in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era in France

et al. 2008

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Background Isosporiasis, a rare cause of diarrhoea among HIV‐infected patients in the pre‐highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era, seems to be re‐emerging. Methods A retrospective study was carried out for the period 1995–2003 in two hospitals in Paris to describe the prevalence, clinical characteristics and therapeutic outcome of isosporiasis in HIV‐infected patients, and to compare the findings with those for cryptosporidiosis and microsporidiosis. Results The prevalence of isosporiasis increased from 0.4 per 1000 patients in the pre‐HAART era (1995–1996) to 4.4 per 1000 patients in the HAART era (2001–2003), whereas the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis and microsporidiosis decreased. Compared with patients with either cryptosporidiosis (n=91) or microsporidiosis (n=58), patients with isosporiasis (n=28) more frequently originated from sub‐Saharan Africa (72%), were more frequently female and heterosexual, and had a higher median CD4 count at diagnosis (142 cells/μL). All patients with isosporiasis presented with diarrhoea, which was severe enough to lead to hospital admission for 60% of them. Fever was uncommon (7%). All patients were treated for isosporiasis, 27 of them with cotrimoxazole. Relapse of isosporiasis occurred in six of 16 patients (38%) despite maintenance cotrimoxazole therapy and HAART. Conclusion Isosporiasis in France occurs mostly in patients emigrating from sub‐Saharan Africa and can induce severe diarrhoea. Relapse is common despite cotrimoxazole maintenance therapy.

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Isospora belli Infection: Observation of Unicellular Cysts in Mesenteric Lymphoid Tissues of a Brazilian Patient with AIDS and Animal Inoculation

Abstract: We describe the finding of unizoic cysts of Isospora belli in lymphoid tissues of a Brazilian patient with AIDS, and discuss the possibilities of their drug resistance, they being the cause of relapses, and of being an indication for the existence of intermediary or paratenic animal hosts.

Cited by 23 publications

References 10 publications

Study on the species-specificity of Isospora michaelbakeri by experimental infection

Study on the species-specificity of Isospora michaelbakeri by experimental infection

Prevalence and genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. and Cystoisospora belli in HIV-infected patients

Isosporiasis in patients with HIV infection in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era in France

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