K distribution: an appropriate substitutefor Rayleigh-lognormal distribution in fading-shadowing wireless channels

Abstract

Rayleigh-lognormal distribution, proven useful for modeling fading-shadowing wireless channels, has a complicated integral form. In this paper we have accurately approximated it by the K distribution. This distribution is simpler and thus more appropriate for analysis and design of wireless communication systems.

A Unifying Statistical Model for Atmospheric Optical Scintillation

“…This non-stationary nature of atmospheric turbulence has led to model optical scintillations as a conditional random process (Al-Habash et al, 2001;Churnside & Clifford, 1987;Churnside & Frehlich, 1989;Fante, 1975;Hill & Frehlich, 1997;Strohbehn, 1978;Wang & Strohbehn, 1974;de Wolf, 1974), in which the irradiance can be written as a product of one term that arises from large-scale turbulent eddy effects by a second term that represent the statistically independent small-scale eddy effects. One of the first attempts to gain wide acceptance for a variety of applications was the K distribution (Abdi & Kaveh, 1998;Jakerman, 1980) that provides excellent models for predicting irradiance statistics in a variety of experiments involving radiation scattered by turbulent media. The K distribution can be derived from a mixture of the conditional negative exponential distribution and a gamma distribution.…”

Characterization and Modeling of Underwater Acoustic Communications Channels for Frequency-Shift-Keying Signals

“…It has been proven that lognormal and Gamma distributions are close approximates of each other [8][9]. Consequently, one finds that K-distribution is numerically close approximations of a mixture of lognormal and Rayleigh distributions [10].…”

A Novel MGF Based Analysis of Channel Capacity of Generalized-K Fading With Maximal-Ratio Combining Diversity

“…In addition to the multipath fading in the wireless environment, the quality of signal is also affected due to the shadowing from various obstacles in the propagation path [2]. The Nakagamim and Rayleigh-lognormal (R-L) are well-known composite statistical distribution to model the multipath fading and shadowing [6][7][8]. As these distributions do not have closed-form mathematical solution, so it is difficult to use it widely.…”

“…As these distributions do not have closed-form mathematical solution, so it is difficult to use it widely. However, they have been approximated by the Generalized-K distribution [6] and K-distribution [7,8]. Diversity reception is increasingly becoming a primary technique for improving the performance of radio communication systems in multipath propagation environments.…”