Lactobacillus plantarumZDY04 exhibits a strain-specific property of lowering TMAOviathe modulation of gut microbiota in mice

Abstract

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), which is oxidized from trimethylamine (TMA) by hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs), promotes the development of atherosclerosis and is a new target for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease from the perspective of intestinal flora. TMA is transformed by intestinal flora from TMA-containing nutrients, such as choline. Some small molecular agents lower serum TMAO and/or cecal TMA levels. However, probiotics that can effectively reduce serum TMAO levels are currently lacking. In this work, five potentially probiotic strains were administered to mice supplemented with 1.3% choline. Only Lactobacillus plantarum ZDY04 significantly reduced serum TMAO and cecal TMA levels by modulating the relative abundance of the families Lachnospiraceae, Erysipelotrichaceae and Bacteroidaceae and the genus Mucispirillum in mice and not by influencing the expression levels of hepatic FMO3 and metabolizing choline, TMA, and TMAO. In addition, L. plantarum ZDY04 can significantly inhibit the development of TMAO-induced atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- 1.3% choline-fed mice as compared with the untreated PBS group. In conclusion, the use of L. plantarum ZDY04 may be an alternative approach to reduce serum TMAO levels and TMAO-induced atherosclerosis in mice.

Gut microbiota: a promising target against cardiometabolic diseases

“…The bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum which is found in fermented vegetable foods and milk products reduced circulating cholesterol and triglycerides in hypercholesterolemic mice [154]. L. plantarum also decreased TMAO levels in mice and could inhibit TMAO-induced atherosclerosis [155]. Similar results were found upon administration of L. rhamnosis to ApoE-deficient mice on a high-fat diet.…”

The Potential of Probiotics in the Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis

“…Probiotic treatment has been shown to reduce levels of TMAO in correlation with decreased atherosclerosis development; however, this effect is strain specific. A recent study investigated potential TMAO‐lowering property of five different probiotic strains . Only Lactobacillus plantarum ZDY04 was able to significantly reduce plasma TMAO, and it was suggested that this effect was achieved via remodeling of the gut microbiota .…”

“…ApoE −/− mice [47,48] L. plantarum ZDY04 Reduced TMAO-induced lesion development; decreased plasma TMAO ApoE −/− mice [49] L. acidophilus and B. bifidum Reduced TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C Human [50] VSL#3 Reduced TC, LDL-C, TG, hsCRP; increased HDL-C and improved insulin sensitivity Human [51] S. thermophiles, L. bulgaricus, L. acidophilus LA5, B. lactis BB12…”

“…A recent study investigated potential TMAOlowering property of five different probiotic strains. [49] Only Lactobacillus plantarum ZDY04 was able to significantly reduce plasma TMAO, and it was suggested that this effect was achieved via remodeling of the gut microbiota. [49] Furthermore, Lactobacillus plantarum ZDY04 significantly attenuated the development of TMAO-induced atherosclerosis in ApoE −/− choline-fed mice [49] In a similar study, plasma TMAO was significantly reduced in choline-fed mice treated with Enterobacter aerogenes ZDY01, and a similar remodeling of gut microbiota was demonstrated.…”

Gut microbiota in atherosclerosis: focus on trimethylamine N‐oxide

“…Prebiotics are nondigestible dietary ingredients that can be fermented by specific intestinal microflora to stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria colonized in the gut. Probiotics are live and natural microbiota that can be administrated safely (). Both prebiotics and probiotics are good candidates for the modulating the gut microbiota and conferring favorable effects to the host.…”