Lactobacillus salivarius CTC2197 Prevents Salmonella enteritidis Colonization in Chickens

Abstract

A rifampin-resistant Lactobacillus salivarius strain, CTC2197, was assessed as a probiotic in poultry, by studying its ability to prevent Salmonella enteritidis C-114 colonization in chickens. When the probiotic strain was dosed by oral gavage together with S. enteritidis C-114 directly into the proventriculus in 1-day-old Leghorn chickens, the pathogen was completely removed from the birds after 21 days. The same results were obtained when the probiotic strain was also administered through the feed and the drinking water apart from direct inoculation into the proventriculus. The inclusion of L. salivarius CTC2197 in the first day chicken feed revealed that a concentration of 105 CFU g−1 was enough to ensure the colonization of the gastrointestinal tract of the birds after 1 week. However, between 21 and 28 days, L. salivarius CTC2197 was undetectable in the gastrointestinal tract of some birds, showing that more than one dose would be necessary to ensure its presence till the end of the rearing time. Freeze-drying and freezing with glycerol or skim milk as cryoprotective agents, appeared to be suitable methods to preserve the probiotic strain. The inclusion of the L. salivarius CTC2197 in a commercial feed mixture seemed to be a good way to supply it on the farm, although the strain showed sensitivity to the temperatures used during the feed mixture storage and in the chicken incubator rooms. Moreover, survival had been improved after several reinoculations in chicken feed mixture.

Antagonistic activities of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria against microbial pathogens

“…The spent culture supernatant of the human L. acidophilus strain LB given daily followed infection is active against S. enterica serovar Typhimurium C5 infecting conventional C3H/He/oujco mice, reducing the levels of viable Salmonella in the faeces [172]. Furthermore, L. salivarius CTC2197 colonizing the gastrointestinal tract of Leghorn chickens, is able to prevent S. enteritidis colonization [173]. In contrast, it has been observed that Salmonella survives and persists at a higher level in the faeces of conventional mice treated with L. casei rhamnosus GG given daily [107].…”

Applications and safety considerations ofLactobacillus salivariusas a probiotic in animal and human health

“…The use of L. salivarius as a probiotic in poultry dates from over 15 years and several studies have reported the reduction in colonization by Salmonella Enteriditis (SE) attributed to the competitive exclusion effects of L. salivarius. Pascual et al (1999) dosed strain CTC2197 by oral gavage together with SE directly into the proventriculus in 1-day-old chickens resulting in complete pathogen elimination after 21 days. The same results were obtained when the probiotic was administered in the feed and drinking water.…”

“…The same results were obtained when the probiotic was administered in the feed and drinking water. The inclusion of CTC2197 in the first-day chicken feed revealed that a concentration of 10 5 CFU per g was enough to ensure the colonization of the GIT of the birds after 1 week, making it a suitable option to minimize Salmonella colonization in chickens (Pascual et al 1999). Similarly, Zhang et al (2007) found that feeding chickens an overnight culture (10 6 -10 8 CFU per chick) of strains Salm-9, List40-1,8 or List40-41 reduced Salmonella carriage in caecal contents by 2Á10, 2Á52 and 2Á20 log CFU per g respectively.…”

Effect ofBacillus subtilisCGMCC 1.1086 on the growth performance and intestinal microbiota of broilers

“…Decrease in relative proportion of potential pathogens was also detected. Studies (Watkins et al 1982;Pascual et al 1999) have indicated that the feed treated with probiotics had a competitive exclusion of pathogenic bacteria in host animals. In line with those findings, the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria for broilers such as Staphylococcus and Escherichia-Shigella reduced in broilers fed diet supplemented with B. subtilis CGMCC 1.1086 in the present study.…”