<i>Lactococcus lactis cremoris</i>infection: not rare anymore?

Hadjisymeou, Simone; Loizou, Peter; Kothari, Prasad

doi:10.1136/bcr-2012-008479

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Curiously, there have been a small number of reports of human infections caused by L. lactis ssp. cremoris (Hadjisymeou et al, 2013), some of which also make a link to the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products. None of the infection-associated strains have had their genomes sequenced, but it would be valuable to know if these secretion systems occur in these strains.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Genome Analysis of Lactococcus lactis Indicates Niche Adaptation and Resolves Genotype/Phenotype Disparity

et al. 2019

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Lactococcus lactis is one of the most important micro-organisms in the dairy industry for the fermentation of cheese and buttermilk. Besides the conversion of lactose to lactate it is responsible for product properties such as flavor and texture, which are determined by volatile metabolites, proteolytic activity and exopolysaccharide production. While the species Lactococcus lactis consists of the two subspecies lactis and cremoris their taxonomic position is confused by a group of strains that, despite of a cremoris genotype, display a lactis phenotype. Here we compared and analyzed the (draft) genomes of 43 L. lactis strains, of which 19 are of dairy and 24 are of non-dairy origin. Machine-learning algorithms facilitated the identification of orthologous groups of protein sequences (OGs) that are predictors for either the taxonomic position or the source of isolation. This allowed the unambiguous categorization of the genotype/phenotype disparity of ssp. lactis and ssp. cremoris strains. A detailed analysis of phenotypic properties including plasmid-encoded genes indicates evolutionary changes during niche adaptations. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that dairy isolates evolved from plant isolates. The analysis further suggests that genomes of cremoris phenotype strains are so eroded that they are restricted to a dairy environment. Overall the genome comparison of a diverse set of strains allowed the identification of niche and subspecies specific genes. This explains evolutionary relationships and will aid the identification and selection of industrial starter cultures.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Genome Analysis of Lactococcus lactis Indicates Niche Adaptation and Resolves Genotype/Phenotype Disparity

et al. 2019

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“…Eight of them describe non‐reliable phenotypical identification methods, do not give enough indication on which methodology was used, or/and provide data strongly suggestive of environmental contamination (Buchelli‐Ramirez et al., ; Feierabend et al., ; Hadjisymeou et al., ; Rostagno et al., ; Inoue et al., ; Karanth et al., ; Lee et al., ; Taniguchi et al., ). All of these describe single cases of patients suffering from very debilitating illnesses, such as necrotising pneumonia, heart or renal failure, peritonitis, uncontrolled diabetes, etc.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the update of the list of QPS‐recommended biological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA†

Ricci¹,

Allende²,

Bolton³

et al. 2017

EFS2

225

135

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EFSA is requested to assess the safety of a broad range of biological agents in the context of notification for market authorisation as sources of food and feed additives, food enzymes and plant protection products. The qualified presumption of safety (QPS) assessment was developed to provide a harmonised generic preassessment to support safety risk assessments performed by EFSA's scientific Panels. The safety of unambiguously defined biological agents (at the highest taxonomic unit appropriate for the purpose for which an application is intended), and the completeness of the body of knowledge are assessed. Identified safety concerns for a taxonomic unit are, where possible and reasonable in number, reflected as 'qualifications' in connection with a recommendation for a QPS status. The list of QPS recommended biological agents was reviewed and updated in the current opinion and therefore becomes the valid list. The 2016 update reviews previously assessed microorganisms including bacteria, yeasts and viruses used for plant protection purposes following an Extensive Literature Search strategy. The taxonomic units related to the new notifications received since the 2013 QPS opinion, were periodically evaluated for a QPS status and the results published as Statements of the BIOHAZ Panel. Carnobacterium divergens, Lactobacillus diolivorans, Microbacterium imperiale, Pasteuria nishizawae, Pediococcus parvulus, Bacillus flexus, Bacillus smithii, Xanthomonas campestris and Candida cylindracea were recommended for the QPS list. All taxonomic units previously recommended for the 2013 QPS list had their status reconfirmed as well their qualifications with the exception of Pasteuria nishizawae for which the qualification was removed. The exclusion of filamentous fungi and enterococci from the QPS evaluations was reconsidered but monitoring will be maintained and the status will be re-evaluated in the next QPS Opinion update. Evaluation of bacteriophages should remain as a case-by-case procedure and should not be considered for QPS status. Acknowledgements: The BIOHAZ Panel wishes to thank the EFSA staff member: Mirena Ivanova for the support provided to this scientific output.

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“…cremoris are common starter organisms used worldwide in dairy industry and have been included in the QPS list, despite of isolated human and animal clinical cases involving Lactococcus lactis that have been reported (EFSA, 2012a). A search in PubMed revealed three new human cases, a necrotic abscess in a middle-aged patient (Hadjisymeou et al, 2013), an early postoperative infective endocarditis caused in a 75-year-old man (Rostagno et al, 2013) and an atypical necrotising pneumonia (Buchelli-Ramirez et al, 2013). In the first two studies the authors did not describe the method used for species identification, while a phenotypic approach was used for the taxonomical identification of the strain isolated from necrotising pneumonia.…”

Section: Lactococcus Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the maintenance of the list of QPS biological agents intentionally added to food and feed (2013 update)

Publication¹

2013

EFS2

173

122

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EFSA is requested to assess the safety of a broad range of biological agents in the context of notifications for market authorisation as sources of food and feed additives, enzymes and plant protection products. The qualified presumption of safety (QPS) assessment was developed to provide a harmonised generic pre-assessment to support safety risk assessments performed by EFSA's scientific Panels. The safety of unambiguously defined biological agents (at the highest taxonomic unit appropriate for the purpose for which an application is intended), and the completeness of the body of knowledge are assessed. Identified safety concerns for a taxonomic unit are, where possible and reasonable in number, reflected as 'qualifications' in connection with a recommendation for a QPS status. The list of QPS recommended biological agents is reviewed and updated periodically. Therefore, the only valid list is the one in the most recently published scientific opinion. The 2013 update reviews previously assessed microorganisms including bacteria, yeasts, filamentous fungi, oomycetes and viruses used for plant protection purposes. All taxonomic units previously recommended for the QPS list had their status reconfirmed. The new notifications since the last QPS update were reviewed. Gluconobacter oxydans and Alphaflexiviridae were assessed for the first time and were recommended for the QPS list. The information of the previous opinion was updated for the taxonomic units on the QPS list. Qualifications for the taxonomic units included in the QPS recommended list were reviewed and confirmed. Filamentous fungi and enterococci were not recommended for the QPS list following updating and reviewing of current scientific knowledge. SUMMARYThe European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) asked the Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ) to deliver a Scientific Opinion on the maintenance of the list of QPS biological agents intentionally added to food or feed (2013 update). The question included four specific tasks in the terms of reference (ToR).The first required a preparation of an update of the list of biological agents for intentional use in feed and/or food, or as sources of food and feed additives or enzymes and as plant protection products for safety assessment as notified to EFSA Units and/or Scientific Panels such as Pesticides, the Panels on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) and Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO). The list was updated with the notifications received where applicable by EFSA Panels and Units since the last review.The second ToR was concerned with an annual review of the list of biological agents recommended for the QPS list. Where appropriate new taxonomic units should be assessed for their suitability for an inclusion in the QPS list, and taxonomic units previously assessed should be reviewed where new information has become available. The information provided in the previous opinion should be updated where appropriate. The BIOHAZ Panel confirmed all taxonomic units previously re...

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Lactococcus lactis cremorisinfection: not rare anymore?

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Comparative Genome Analysis of Lactococcus lactis Indicates Niche Adaptation and Resolves Genotype/Phenotype Disparity

Comparative Genome Analysis of Lactococcus lactis Indicates Niche Adaptation and Resolves Genotype/Phenotype Disparity

Scientific Opinion on the update of the list of QPS‐recommended biological agents intentionally added to food or feed as notified to EFSA†

Scientific Opinion on the maintenance of the list of QPS biological agents intentionally added to food and feed (2013 update)

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