<i>Legionella pneumophila</i> and <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i> Coinfection in an Infant Treated With Adrenocorticotropic Hormone for Infantile Spasm

Musallam, Nadira; Bamberger, Ellen; Srugo, Isaac; Dabbah, Husein; Glikman, Daniel; Zonis, Zeev; Kessel, Aharon; Genizi, Jacob

doi:10.1177/0883073813511148

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…(483)(484)(485), Candida spp. (486), Histoplasma capsulatum (487), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (488)(489)(490)(491), Legionella pneumophila (492)(493)(494)(495), Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (496), cytomegalovirus (497)(498)(499)(500)(501)(502)(503)(504)(505)(506), influenza virus (507-509), herpesvirus 6 (510), Strongyloides stercoralis (511,512), Toxoplasma gondii (513), and Trichomonas vaginalis (514). The majority of these cases occurred in patients with severe immunodeficiency.…”

Section: Strain Variation Of P Jiroveciimentioning

confidence: 99%

A Molecular Window into the Biology and Epidemiology of Pneumocystis spp

2018

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, a unique atypical fungus with an elusive lifestyle, has had an important medical history. It came to prominence as an opportunistic pathogen that not only can cause life-threatening pneumonia in patients with HIV infection and other immunodeficiencies but also can colonize the lungs of healthy individuals from a very early age. The genus includes a group of closely related but heterogeneous organisms that have a worldwide distribution, have been detected in multiple mammalian species, are highly host species specific, inhabit the lungs almost exclusively, and have never convincingly been cultured, making a fascinating but difficult-to-study organism. Improved molecular biologic methodologies have opened a new window into the biology and epidemiology of. Advances include an improved taxonomic classification, identification of an extremely reduced genome and concomitant inability to metabolize and grow independent of the host lungs, insights into its transmission mode, recognition of its widespread colonization in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient hosts, and utilization of strain variation to study drug resistance, epidemiology, and outbreaks of infection among transplant patients. This review summarizes these advances and also identifies some major questions and challenges that need to be addressed to better understand biology and its relevance to clinical care.

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Section: Strain Variation Of P Jiroveciimentioning

confidence: 99%

A Molecular Window into the Biology and Epidemiology of Pneumocystis spp

2018

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“…The increasing risk of L. pneumophila pneumonia in immunocompromised patients has previously been reported. [1][2][3][4]8,9 In our patient, azithromycin, and levofloxacin were added to treatment without waiting for the results of water system culture samples since the patient was immunocompromised and did not give a clinical response to beta-lactam antibiotics. After detecting the PCR positivity, potential Legionella case was reported, and 22 samples were collected from the water systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nosocomial pneumonia caused by water-born Legionella pneumophila in a pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipient for thalassemia major

Erat¹,

Özdemir²,

Yahşi³

et al. 2020

Turk J Pediatr

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Background. Nosocomial pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 2-14 occurred in a 7-year-old patient following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for thalassemia major.Case. The patient was diagnosed with nosocomial Legionella pneumophila by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) examination of the bronchoalveolar lavage and culturing Legionella pneumophila serogroup 2-14 from the patient's room faucet water. Legionella pneumophila was eradicated from our hospital's water distribution system by superheating and chemical eradication methods (hyper-chlorination and hydrogen peroxide). We did not detect any other case after this event. Conclusion.Early recognition of contamination of the hospital water system with Legionella proves the importance of prevention in new cases.

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“…For example; coinfections of Legionella with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Chlamydia psittaci, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 36 and Listeria monocytogenes 37. Coinfections of Legionella with the fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii in an infant38, with influenza virus39 and with herpesvirus40, have also been reported. Based on our results and the literature evidence, we hypothesize that Legionella patients might have bacterial coinfections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of sputum microbiome of legionellosis-associated patients and other pneumonia patients: indications for polybacterial infections

Mizrahi

Peretz

Lesnik

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Bacteria of the genus Legionella cause water-based infections resulting in severe pneumonia. Here we analyze and compare the bacterial microbiome of sputum samples from pneumonia patients in relation to the presence and abundance of the genus Legionella. The prevalence of Legionella species was determined by culture, PCR, and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Nine sputum samples out of the 133 analyzed were PCR-positive using Legionella genus-specific primers. Only one sample was positive by culture. Illumina MiSeq 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses of Legionella-positive and Legionella-negative sputum samples, confirmed that indeed, Legionella was present in the PCR-positive sputum samples. This approach allowed the identification of the sputum microbiome at the genus level, and for Legionella genus at the species and sub-species level. 42% of the sputum samples were dominated by Streptococcus. Legionella was never the dominating genus and was always accompanied by other respiratory pathogens. Interestingly, sputum samples that were Legionella positive were inhabited by aquatic bacteria that have been observed in an association with amoeba, indicating that amoeba might have transferred Legionella from the drinking water together with its microbiome. This is the first study that demonstrates the sputum major bacterial commensals and pathogens profiles with regard to Legionella presence.

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Legionella pneumophila and Pneumocystis jirovecii Coinfection in an Infant Treated With Adrenocorticotropic Hormone for Infantile Spasm

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

A Molecular Window into the Biology and Epidemiology of Pneumocystis spp

A Molecular Window into the Biology and Epidemiology of Pneumocystis spp

Nosocomial pneumonia caused by water-born Legionella pneumophila in a pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipient for thalassemia major

Comparison of sputum microbiome of legionellosis-associated patients and other pneumonia patients: indications for polybacterial infections

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